Exam 1 Material

Question 1

_____________ means that some individuals of that type (species or genus or etc.) are still are alive; i.e., not all are dead.

Answer 1

Extant

Question 2

The unit of heredity, e.g., a DNA sequence that makes a protein or RNA molecule, is a(n)

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

A particular place on a chromosome is a(n)

Answer 3

Locus

Question 4

Any of the different versions (specific sequences) that are found at a given gene locus are

Answer 4

Alleles

Question 5

When an evolutionary biologist or population geneticist writes P = G + E, P is ____________, which is determined by the individual’s ________________ and its _________________

Answer 5

-Phenotype
-Genotype
-Environment

Question 6

What you see when you look directly at an individual’s behavior is its

Answer 6

Phenotype

Question 7

The alternative DNA sequences found at a particular place on a single chromosome arise by mutation and are called different ___________at that locus

Answer 7

Alleles

Question 8

You cannot fully understand an ecosystem simply by looking separately at the individual species and individual parts of their environment. The features, of a thing or of a process, that can only be seen by looking at it as a whole, not be looking at its parts in isolation, is called

Answer 8

Emergent Properties

Question 9

In what sense are you double-double at each locus?

Answer 9

-You have two pieces of DNA for each locus.
-You have an allele from your mother and another from your father.
-Each chromosome is a piece of DNA, and DNA exists as a double helix with nucleotide base pairs.

Question 10

Define evolution in terms of genotypes.

Answer 10

Change in the proportion of different genotypes over time.

Question 11

A(n) ____________ is a particular DNA sequence at a particular gene locus.

Answer 11

Allele

Question 12

Its DNA sequence is often written as a series of letters (A, C, T, G), but each of these individual nucleotides really represents two nucleotides, not one. This is a______

Answer 12

Nucleotide Base Pair

Question 13

A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. At this locus, this individual is probably

Answer 13

Heterozygous & Diploid

Question 14

A single continuous piece of DNA within a cell may exist as a line, as in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, or with the ends connected, forming a loop or circle, as in prokaryotes and as in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes. A single continuous piece of DNA within a cell is called a(n) ___________________

Answer 14

Chromosome

Question 15

A diagram of lines, e.g., a branching or tree-like drawing, that shows the relatedness among multiple taxa, often over thousands or more years, is called a _____________.

Answer 15

Phylogeny

Question 16

Behavioral differences between an individual and her/his identical twins reflect

Answer 16

Differences in enviroment

Question 17

When an allele’s phenotypic effect can only be seen when an individual’s 2 alleles are identical, that allele by definition is a(n) __________ allele.

Answer 17

Recessive

Question 18

A single-celled species that has a nucleus is a(n) _______________, although this group (kingdom in some classification schemes) also contains some multicellular species, like certain algae such as seaweed.

Answer 18

Protist

Question 19

Dogs and other animals that now live in the wild, but used to be tame and kept as pets or on a farm are said to be _______________.

Answer 19

Feral

Question 20

There are two basic kinds of cells. Bacteria and Archaea have _________ cells. (Either variation of the word is fine.)

Answer 20

Prokaryotic or Prokaryote

Question 21

An organism that consists of cell(s) that all lack a nucleus is by definition a ______________ .

Answer 21

Prokaryote

Question 22

The transfer of plant male sex cells to a plant, which may then trigger fertilization and the production of seeds is _____________.

Answer 22

Pollination

Question 23

There are 3 domains; in what domain are fungi? [Domain names are capitalized.]

Answer 23

Eukarya

Question 24

The smallest unit that can evolve is a(n) ___________________.

Answer 24

Population

Question 25

There are 3 domains; in what domain are protists?

Answer 25

Eukarya

Question 26

__________________ is screening organisms for valuable products, an example of which was the federally-funded search that led to realizing that taxol, a compound in yews (a type of conifer tree), is effective against certain cancers.

Answer 26

Bioprospecting

Question 27

We talked about how when vultures in India died, populations of wandering dogs exploded. Dogs can be vectors for a pathogen that causes a disease that is usually fatal in humans and causes the dogs and humans to fear water and exhibit other strange behavior. The disease is __________.

Answer 27

Rabies

Question 28

Which domain(s) consistently lack nuclei in the cell(s)?

Answer 28

Archaea & Bacteria

Question 29

_____________ value means value for the enjoyment provided, regardless of practical usefulness.

Answer 29

Aesthetic

Question 30

Technically, it is incorrect to tell someone that humans belong to the species sapiens because

Answer 30

There could be another species with sapiens as part of its scientific species name.

Question 31

Autotroph and heterotroph refer to where organisms get the element__________, to make the organic molecules of which their bodies consist.

Answer 31

Carbon

Question 32

If someone shows the DNA sequence of an allele by listing the sequence of A’s, T’s, G’s, and C’s, then they are listing the _________ __________ that make up the DNA sequence.

Answer 32

nucleotide bases

Question 33

The word prefix that means “part of,” as in part of a unit or of a kingdom or of a class or of an order is “________-“.

Answer 33

sub

Question 34

The word “morph,” which is also used as a word root, is usually interpreted as either of two words. Give one of those words, and without quotation marks.

Answer 34

form

Question 35

Weevils and stag beetles are both classified in the same order, so the two types of beetles must also belong to the same ____________.

Answer 35

Kingdom
Phylum
Class

Question 36

A _______________ is a group of spatially coexisting species, and those species often interact.

Answer 36

Community

Question 37

Which of the following is your best estimate of a genotype’s fitness?

Answer 37

Lifetime number of offspring

Question 38

Which of the following are adaptive hypotheses?

Answer 38

Natural Selection

Question 39

What is the immigration or emigration of alleles from the gene pool called?

Answer 39

Gene Flow

Question 40

Natural selection is one of the mechanisms by which ____________________ occurs.

Answer 40

Evolution

Question 41

A trait that becomes common as a result of natural selection is called a(n) ______________________.

Answer 41

Adaption

Question 42

The longer 3 word term for drift that evolutionary biologists use is ________ __________ _________

Answer 42

Random Genetic Drift

Question 43

A eukaryote cell in which the chromosomes can be matched by length, shape, and stripe pattern into pairs is, by definition, ____________.

Answer 43

Diploid

Question 44

Scientific evidence reveals that the earth is approximately _________ years old

Answer 44

4.6 Billion

Question 45

The oldest fossils that have been found in Illinois are from what kind of habitat?

Answer 45

Marine