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Kine 374 > Exam 3: Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lower Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Osteology of the Pelvic Girdle

A

Innominate Bones:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Sacrum

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2
Q

Arthrology of the Pelvic Girdle

A

Acetabulofemoral Joint: Ball & Socket

Pubic Symphysis: Cartilaginous/Fibrocartilaginous

Sacroiliac Joint: Combination Fibrous/Synovial

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3
Q

Ligaments of the Acetabulofemoral Joint

A

Iliofemoral: Ilium to Femur

Ischiofemoral: Ischium to Femur

Pubofemoral: Pubis to Femur

Ligamentum Teres: Center of the Acetabulum to the Center of the Femoral Head

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4
Q

Anterior/Posterior Pelvic Tilt

A

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: Butt sticks out (Beyonce)

Posterior Pelvic Tilt: Tucked Butt (Urkel)

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5
Q

Lateral Pelvic Tilt

A

Facing the same direction as the patient, like turning a steering wheel

Left Pelvic Tilt results in the right side rising and vice versa

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6
Q

Transverse Pelvic Tilt

A

Facing the same direction as the patient while looking from the top down

Like turning a steering wheel

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7
Q

Pelvic Tilt Coupling Pattern

A

Anterior Pelvic Tilt is coupled with Lumbar Extension

Posterior Pelvic Tilt is coupled with Lumbar Flexion

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8
Q

Iliacus

A

Superior Attachment: Posterior Internal Innominate Bones

Inferior Attachment: Proximal Anterior Medial Femur

Action: Hip Flexion

Innervation: L1, L2, Femoral Nerve

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9
Q

Psoas Major & Minor

A

Superior Attachment: Lateral Aspects of the T12-L5

Inferior Attachment: Proximal Anterior Medial Femur

Action: Hip Flexion

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10
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Inferior Attachment: Anterior Tibia via Patellar Tendon

Actions: Hip Flexion, Knee Extension

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11
Q

Sartorius

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Inferior Attachment: Posterior Medial Tibia

Actions: Hip Flexion, Abduction, & External Rotation, Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation

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12
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Iliac Crest

Inferior Attachment: IT Band Connective Tissue (Lateral Thigh)

Actions: Hip Flexion & Abduction

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13
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Superior Attachment: Posterolateral Sacrum & Coccyx, Gluteal Aspect of the Ilium

Inferior Attachment: Gluteal Tuberosity of the Femur & between layers of Fascia Lata

Actions: Hip Extension, Abduction, External Rotation, & Adduction

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14
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Superior Attachment: Outer Surface of the Ilium between Iliac Crest & Posterior Gluteal Line

Inferior Attachment: Lateral Aspect of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: Hip Extension, Abduction, External Rotation (Flexion & Internal Rotation in some positions)

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15
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Superior Attachment: Gluteal Surface of the Ilium between Anterior & Inferior Gluteal Lines

Inferior Attachment: Anterolateral aspect of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: Hip Extension, Abduction, & External Rotation (Flexion & Internal Rotation in some positions)

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16
Q

Piriformis

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Sacrum & Sacroiliac Joint

Inferior Attachment: Superior Aspect of the Greater Trochanter

Actions: Hip Extension, External Rotation, & Abduction

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17
Q

Gemellus Superior

A

Superior Attachment: Gluteal Surface of the Ischial Spine

Inferior Attachment: Medial Surface of the Greater Trochanter

Actions: External Rotation

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18
Q

Gemellus Inferior

A

Superior Attachment: Lateral Surface of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inferior Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation

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19
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Superior Attachment: Inferior Margin of the Superior Pubic Ramus

Inferior Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation

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20
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Superior Attachment: Rami of the Pubis & Ischium

Inferior Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation & Adduction

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21
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Superior Attachment: Superior Lateral Border of the Ischial Tuberosity

Inferior Attachment: Quadrate Tubercle of the Femur

Actions: External Rotation & Adduction

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22
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Superior Attachments:
- Long Head: Posterior Inferior Ischial Tuberosity
- Short Head: Linea Aspera (Posterior Middle) of the Femur

Inferior Attachments: Lateral Head of the Fibula

Actions: Knee Flexion & External Rotation & the Long Head Extends the Hip

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23
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Superior Attachment: Ischial Tuberosity & Sacrotuberous Ligament

Inferior Attachment: Superior Medial Surface of the Tibia

Actions: Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation & Hip Extension

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24
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Superior Attachment: Ischial Tuberosity

Inferior Attachment: Medial condyle of the tibia

Actions: Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation & Hip Extension

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25
Q

Pectineus

A

Superior Attachment: Pectineal Line of the Pubic Bone

Inferior Attachment: Pectineal Line on the Posterior Femur (Inferior to the Lesser Trochanter)

Actions: Hip Adduction & Flexion

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26
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint

A

Modified Hinge Joint

Between the medial & lateral femoral condyles & the tibial plateau

The screw home mechanism allows for transverse plane movement during the end of knee extension

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27
Q

Patellofemoral Joint

A

Glide-type Joint

Between the patellar facets and patellar surface of the femur

Functions: Increases leverage of Quadriceps Femoris & protects the Patellar Tendon

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28
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

A

The primary restraint of anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur

Resists tibiofemoral IR & Valgus forces (when the knee is flexed)

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29
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

A

The primary restraint of posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur

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30
Q

Collateral Ligaments

A

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Resists valgus forces

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Resists varus forces

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31
Q

Menisci

A

Medial & Lateral Menisci are crescent-shaped, semi-mobile “pads” that help to:

Absorb & Distribute Loads
Guide Motion
Improve Synovial Fluid Flow
Reduce Friction
Improve Congruence of the Tibiofemoral Joint

32
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine & Supraacetabular Groove

Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon

Actions: Knee Extension & Hip Flexion

Innervation: L3

33
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Superior Attachment: Medial Linea Aspera & Distal Intertrochanteric Line

Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon

Actions: Knee Extension

Innervation: L3

34
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Superior Attachment: Lateral Linea Aspera & Lateral Greater Trochanter

Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon

Actions: Knee Extension

Innervation: L3

35
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Femoral Shaft

Inferior Attachment: Patellar Base via Quadriceps Tendon

Actions: Knee Extension

Innervation: L3

36
Q

Popliteus

A

Superior Attachment: Lateral Surface of the Lateral Femoral Condyle & the Posterior Aspect of the Lateral Meniscus

Inferior Attachment: Proximal Posterior Tibia

Actions: Unlocking of the Screw Home Mechanism (Int. Rotation) & Knee Flexion

37
Q

Plantaris

A

Superior Attachment: Inferior Aspect of the Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Inferior Attachment: Posterior Surface of the Calcaneus via Plantaris Tendon

Actions: Knee Flexion & Plantarflexion

38
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Superior Attachment: Posterolateral surface of the Lateral Condyle & the Posterior surface of the Medial Condyle (Femur)

Inferior Attachment: Posterior Surface of the Calcaneus via Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon

Actions: Knee Flexion, & Plantarflexion

Innervation: S1 & S2

39
Q

Gracilis

A

Superior Attachment: Medial Aspect of the Ischiopubic Ramus

Inferior Attachment: Medial Tibia via Pes Anserinus

Actions: Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation & Hip Adduction & Flexion

40
Q

Tibiofibular Joints

A

Proximal: Glide-type Joint

Distal: Syndesmosis (not Synovial)

Functions: Dissipate twisting & bending forces of the lower leg & foot

41
Q

Talocrural Joint

A

Between the Distal Tibia & Distal Fibula (mortise) & the Talus

A Hinge-type Joint

Only 1 DOF in the Sagittal Plane

42
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

Mixed-type Synovial Joint

Between the Talus & Calcaneus

Only 1 DOF around an Oblique Axis

The oblique axis allows for movement in all 3 planes

Supination & Pronation

43
Q

Which Subtalar Movements are associated with Supination

A

Inversion, Adduction, & Plantar Flexion

44
Q

Which Subtalar Movements are associated with Pronation

A

Eversion, Abduction, & Dorsiflexion

45
Q

Soleus

A

Superior Attachment: Posterior & Medial Tibia, Posterior Border & Head of the Fibula

Inferior Attachment: Posterior Calcaneus via Calcaneal Tendon

Actions: Plantarflexion

Innervation: S1 & S2

46
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Superior Attachment: Distal 1/3 of the Tibia

Inferior Attachment: Medial Cuneiform & Base of Metatarsal 1

Actions: Dorsiflexion, Inversion, & Supination

Innervation: L4

47
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior 1/2 of the Fibula & Interosseous Membrane

Inferior Attachment: Dorsal Base of the Distal Phalange of the Hallux

Actions: Dorsiflexion, Eversion, & Pronation, Extension of Digit 1

Innervation: L5

48
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Lateral Condyle of the Tibia, Anterior Fibular Shaft, & Interosseous Membrane

Inferior Attachment: Dorsal Surfaces of the Middle & Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5

Actions: Dorsiflexion, Eversion, & Pronation, Extension of MP, PIP, & DIP of Digits 2-5

49
Q

Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus

A

Superior Attachment: Superior & Lateral Surface of the Fibula & Lateral Tibial Condyle

Inferior Attachment: Crosses the Plantar Surface of the Foot into the lateral aspect of the 1st Cuneiform & 1st Metatarsal

Actions: Plantarflexion, Eversion, & Pronation

50
Q

Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis

A

Superior Attachment: Distal 2/3 of the Lateral Surface of the Fibula & Anterior Interosseous Membrane

Inferior Attachment: Styloid Attachment of the Proximal 5th Metatarsal

Actions: Plantarflexion, Eversion, & Pronation

51
Q

Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius

A

Superior Attachment: Medial Surface of the Fibula & Interosseous Membrane

Inferior Attachment: Dorsal Surface of the 5th Metatarsal Base

Actions: Dorsiflexion, Eversion, & Pronation

52
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Superior Attachment: Posterior Aspect of the Interosseous Membrane, Posteromedial Fibular Surface, & Superior Aspect of the Proximal Tibia

Inferior Attachment: Plantar Surface of the Medial Cuneiform, Bases of Metatarsals 2-4, Intermediate & Lateral Cuneiforms, & the Cuboid

Actions: Plantarflexion, Inversion, & Supination

53
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Superior Attachment: Medial Surface of the Tibia

Inferior Attachment: Plantar Surfaces of Distal Phalanges 2-5

Actions: Plantarflexion, Inversion, & Supination, MTP, PIP, & DIP Flexion of Phalanges 2-5

54
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Superior Attachment: Distal 2/3 of the Posterior Fibula, Interosseous Membrane, & Posterior Intermuscular Septum

Inferior Attachment: Base of Distal Phalanx 1

Actions: Plantarflexion, Inversion, & Supination, MTP & IP Flexion of Phalange 1

55
Q

Lateral Ankle Ligaments

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Calcaneofibular Ligament

Posterior Talofibular Ligament

56
Q

Medial Ankle Ligaments

A

Deltoid Ligament Complex

57
Q

High Ankle Ligaments

A

Tibiofibular “Syndesmotic’ Ligaments

Interosseous Membrane

58
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Actions: MTP Flexion & Abduction of Digit 1

59
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Actions: MTP Flexion of Digit 1

60
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Actions: MTP Flexion & Abduction of Digit 5

61
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Actions: MTP Flexion of Digit 5

62
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Actions: MTP & PIP Flexion of Digits 2-5

63
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Attachment to the Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons & the Inferior Calcaneus

Actions: MTP, PIP, & DIP Flexion of Digits 2-5

64
Q

Lumbricals

A

Attachments to the Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons of Digits 2-5 & Extensor Expansions of Toes 2-5

Actions: MTP Flexion of Digits 2-5, PIP & DIP Extension of Digits 2-5, Adduction of Phalanges 3-5, Abduction of Phalange 2

65
Q

Dorsal Interossei Abductors

A

Attachments to the 2nd Medial Metatarsal & Lateral Metatarsals 2-4 as well as the Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-5

Actions: MTP Flexion, PIP & DIP Extension, & Abduction of Digits 2-4

66
Q

Plantar Interossei Adductors

A

Attachments to the Medial Metatarsals 3-5 & the Medial Proximal Phalanges 3-5

Actions: MTP Flexion, PIP & DIP Extension, & Adduction of Digits 3-5

67
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Actions: MTP & PIP Extension of Digits 2-4

68
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Actions: MTP Extension of Digit 1

69
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Actions: MTP Adduction of Digit 1

70
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior body of the pubis & lateral surface of the Inferior Pubic Ramus

Inferior Attachment: Proximal Linea Aspera, above the insertion of Adductor Longus

Actions: Hip Adduction & Flexion

71
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Superior Attachment: Pubic & Ischial Rami

Inferior Attachment: Medial Gluteal Tuberosity

Actions: Hip Adduction & Extension

72
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Superior Attachment: Anterior Body of the Pubis

Inferior Attachment: Medial 1/3 of the Femur

Actions: Hip Adduction & Flexion

73
Q

Which Knee Injuries Form an Unhappy Triad?

A

ACL

MCL

Medial Meniscus

74
Q

Which 3 muscles insert into the Pes Anserinus?

A

Sartorius

Gracilis

Semitendinosus

75
Q

Which Muscles & Ligament provide support to the Medial Longitudinal Arch?

A

Extrinsic:
- Tibialis Posterior
- Tibialis Anterior
- Flexor Hallucis Longus

Intrinsic:
- Flexor Hallucis Brevis
- Flexor Digitorum Brevis
- Abductor Hallucis

Ligament:
- Spring Ligament

76
Q

Windlass Mechanism

A

The Plantar Fascia is stretched when the MTP joints extend. This tightness provides a spring-like quality to the feet for pushing off and producing more force. It also supports the many different joints within the ankle & foot.

Kine 374 (3 decks)

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