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Kine 374 > Exam 2: Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Exam 2: Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Shoulder Girdle

A

Reduces and amplifies forces

Increases shoulder complex ROM

Positions the upper extremity in acceptable/optimal alignment for tasks

Steadies the proximal aspect of the upper extremity

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2
Q

Arthrology (Joints) of the Shoulder Girdle

A

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

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3
Q

Upper Trapezius

A

Origin: Occipital bone & the spinous processes of C vertebrae via nuchal ligament

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Actions: Contralateral rotation, Scapula Elevation, Scapula Upward Rotation

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4
Q

Middle Trapezius

A

Origin: Aponeurosis at the T1-4 spinous processes

Insertion: Acromion process& Superior Crest of the Scapular Spine

Actions: Scapula Retraction

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5
Q

Lower Trapezius

A

Origin: T5-12 spinous processes

Insertion: Medial Scapular Spine

Actions: Scapula Depression, Scapula Upward Rotation

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6
Q

Levator Scapula

A

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4

Insertion: Superior angle of the scapula

Actions: Ipsilateral Cervical Rotation, Scapula Elevation, Retraction, Downward Rotation

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7
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Origin: Spinous processes of C6 & 7

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

Actions: Scapula Elevation, Retraction, Downward Rotation, Stabilization

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8
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Origin: Spinous processes of T1-4

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

Actions: Scapula Elevation, Retraction, Downward Rotation, Stabilization

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9
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: Ribs 1-9

Insertion: Costal and Dorsal surfaces of the superior scapular angle, along the costal surface of the medial scapular border, and along the costal and dorsal surfaces of the inferior angle

Actions: Scapula Upward Rotation & Protraction

Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve

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10
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula

Actions: Scapular Depression, Protraction, & Downward Rotation

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11
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin:
Vertebral Part: Spinous processes of T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia of all lumbar spinous processes and the sacrum
Iliac Part: Posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest
Costal Part: Ribs 9-12
Scapular Part: Inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Actions: Internal Rotation, Adduction, Shoulder Extension

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12
Q

Teres Major

A

“The lat’s little helper”
Origin: Inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Internal Rotation, Adduction, Shoulder Extension

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13
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin:
Clavicular Part: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle
Sternocostal Part: Sternum and costal cartilages 2-6
Abdominal Part: Anterior layer of the rectus sheath

Insertion: Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Adduction, internal rotation, flexion (clavicular and sternocostal parts), and assists respiration

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14
Q

Clavicular/Anterior Deltoid

A

Origin: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Actions: Shoulder Flexion, Internal Rotation, Adduction, Horizontal Adduction

Innervation: C5

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15
Q

Acromial/Lateral Deltoid

A

Origin: Acromion Process of the scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Actions: Abduction

Innervation: C5

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16
Q

Spinal/Posterior Deltoid

A

Origin: Scapular Spine

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Actions: Extension, External Rotation, Adduction

Innervation: C5

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17
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: In line with the crest of the lesser tubercle on the humerus

Actions: Shoulder Flexion, Adduction, Internal Rotation

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18
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin:
- Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Medial Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, distal to the radial groove, and the medial intermuscular septum
- Lateral Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, proximal to the radial groove, and the lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Actions: Elbow Extension, shoulder extension, shoulder adduction

Innervation: Radial Nerve (C7)

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19
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

Posterior:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

Anterior:
Subscapularis

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20
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: Abduction

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21
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: External Rotation & Horizonal Abduction

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22
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin: Lateral border of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Actions: External Rotation, Weak Adduction, Horizontal Abduction

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23
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Actions: Internal Rotation & Weak Adduction

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24
Q

Arthrology of the Elbow

A

Humeroulnar Joint

Humeroradial Joint

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

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25
Q

Annular Ligament of the Radioulnar Joint

A

A ligament that encircles and holds the head of the radius against the ulna

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26
Q

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

A

Runs between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and ulna. Resists valgus stress

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27
Q

Radial Collateral Ligament

A

Runs between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the annular ligament of the radius.

Resists varus stress

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28
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin:
- Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Short Head: Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia via bicipital aponeurosis

Actions: Elbow Joint flexion & supination, Shoulder joint flexion

Innervation: C6

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29
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: Distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus, also the medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity

Action: Elbow joint flexion

Deep to the Biceps Brachii

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30
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Lateral surface of the distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Styloid process of the radius

Actions: Elbow joint flexion, Forearm semipronation

31
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Origin:
- Humeral Head: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus
- Ulnar Head: Coronoid process of the ulna

Insertion: Lateral surface of the radius

Actions: Elbow joint weak flexion, Forearm pronation

32
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Origin: Distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of the ulna

Insertion: Distal 1/4 of the anterior surface of the radius

Actions: Pronation, distal radioulnar stabilization

33
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: Olecranon of the ulna, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament

Insertion: Between the radial tuberosity and insertion of the pronator teres

Action: Radioulnar supination

34
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin:
- Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Medial Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, distal to the radial groove, and the medial intermuscular septum
- Lateral Head: Posterior surface of the humerus, proximal to the radial groove, and the lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Olecranon of the ulna

Actions: Elbow joint extension, Shoulder joint extension and adduction

Innervation: Radial Nerve (C7)

35
Q

Starting at the first row of carpals on the palmar and radial aspect of the hand and working toward the ulna, what are the names of each carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate

36
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

A ligamentous/connective tissue structure that helps to restrain the tendons of the long flexors of the digits

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome typically leads to a partial removal of this tissue

37
Q

Palmar Aponeurosis

A

A layer of connective tissue atop the tendons and muscles of the palmar aspect of the hand. Its purpose is to provide attachment for overlying skin and to protect the underlying tendons

38
Q

Extrinsic Anterior Forearm Muscles

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Flexor Pollicis Longus

39
Q

Extrinsic Posterior Forearm Muscles

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Digitorum

Extensor Indicis

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Abductor Pollicis Longus

40
Q

Which Muscles Attach to the Common Extensor Tendon/Lateral Epicondyle?

A

Extensor Digitorum

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

41
Q

Which Muscles Attach to the Common Flexor Tendon/Medial Epicondyle

A

Pronator Teres

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

42
Q

Intrinsic Forearm Muscles (10)

A

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Adductor Pollicis

Opponens Pollicis

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Dorsal Interossei

Palmar Interossei

Lumbricals

43
Q

Lumbricals

A

4 muscles

Proximal Attachment: Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Distal Attachment: Extensor Mechanism

Actions: MP Joint Flexion & PIP/DIP Extension

44
Q

Extensor Mechanism

A

Allows for anterior/palmar attachment between the MP and PIP joints for MP flexion while providing an anchor that wraps to the posterior/dorsal side for PIP and DIP extension

45
Q

Palmar Interossei Adductor

A

Proximal Attachment: The sides of metacarpals 2, 4, & 5

Distal Attachment: Anterior Proximal Phalanx/Anterior Extensor Mechanism

Actions: Adduction & Flexion of the MP Joint (PAD), PIP & DIP Extension

46
Q

Dorsal Interossei Abduction

A

Proximal Attachment: The sides of metacarpals 2-5

Distal Attachment: Anterior Proximal Phalanx/Anterior Extensor Mechanism

Actions: Abduction & Flexion of the MP Joint (DAB), PIP & DIP Extension

47
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Attachments: Medial Epicondyle & the Middle Phalanges of digits 2-5

Actions: Wrist Flexion, MCP & PIP Flexion

48
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Proximal Attachments: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus, the Coronoid Process of the Ulna, and the Palmar Aspect of the Radial Shaft

Distal Attachments: Distal Phalanges of digits 2-5

Actions: Wrist Flexion, MCP, PIP, & DIP Flexion

49
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle

Distal Attachments: Metacarpal 5, Hook of the Hamate, & the Pisiform

Actions: Wrist Flexion, Ulnar Deviation

50
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: Midpoint of the Anterior Radius & its Interosseous Membrane

Distal Attachment: Base of the Distal Phalanx of Digit 1

Actions: Wrist Flexion, Radial Deviation, CMC, & MCP Flexion of the Thumb

51
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus

Distal Attachment: Trapezium, Base of Metacarpal 2, & Metacarpal 3

Actions: Wrist Flexion, Radial Deviation

52
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus

Distal Attachment: Palmar Aponeurosis

Actions: Wrist Flexion

53
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus

Distal Attachment: Dorsal Aspect of the Extensor Mechanism

Actions: Wrist Extension, MCP, PIP, & DIP Extension of Digits 2-5, Finger Abduction

54
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus

Distal Attachment: The Dorsal Base of Metacarpal 2

Actions: Wrist Extension, Radial Deviation

55
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle

Distal Attachment: The Medial Base of Metacarpal 5

Actions: Wrist Extension, Ulnar Deviation

56
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Proximal Attachment: The Posterior Surface of the Ulna

Distal Attachment: Dorsal Aspect of the Extensor Mechanism of Digit 2

Actions: Wrist Extension, MCP, DIP, & PIP Extension of Phalange 2

57
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: The Middle 1/3 of the Posterior Ulnar Surface

Distal Attachment: The Dorsal Base of the Distal Phalanx of the Thumb

Actions: Wrist Extension, Thumb Extension, Thumb Adduction, Radial Deviation

58
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus

Distal Attachment: The Extensor Mechanism of the 5th Proximal Phalange

Actions: Wrist Extension, Ulnar Deviation, MCP, PIP, & DIP Extension of Digit 5, Finger Abduction

59
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: Posterior Proximal Radius, Ulna, and Interosseous Membrane

Distal Attachment: Dorsal Base of 1st Metacarpal & the Trapezium

Actions: Radial Deviation, Thumb Abduction

60
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Distal 1/3 of the Posterior Radius & the Interosseous Membrane

Distal Attachment: Dorsal Base of 1st Proximal Phalanx

Actions: Radial Deviation, Thumb Extension

61
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Proximal Attachment: Pisiform

Distal Attachment: Outer Border of the 5th Proximal Phalanx

Actions: MCP Flexion of the 5th Phalange, Digit 5 Abduction

62
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi

A

Proximal Attachment: Hook of Hamate & Flexor Retinaculum

Distal Attachment: Palmar Base of the 5th Proximal Phalanx

Actions: Digit 5 Flexion

63
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Palmar Aspect of the Trapezium, Trapezoid, & Capitate

Distal Attachment: Palmar Base of the 1st Proximal Phalanx

Actions: Thumb Flexion, Thumb Opposition

64
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Proximal Attachment: Palmar Base of Metacarpals 2 & 3, Capitate

Distal Attachment: Medial Base of the 1st Proximal Phalanx

Actions: Thumb Flexion, Thumb Adduction, Thumb Opposition

65
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Flexor Retinaculum, Scaphoid, & Trapezium

Distal Attachment: Lateral Base of the 1st Proximal Phalanx

Actions: Thumb Abduction

66
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Proximal Attachment: Palmar Aspect of the Trapezium & the Flexor Retinaculum

Distal Attachment: Radial Border of 1st Metacarpal

Actions: Thumb Opposition

67
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

Proximal Attachment: Palmar Aspect of the Hook of Hamate & Flexor Retinaculum

Distal Attachment: Ulnar Aspect of the 5th Metacarpal

Actions: Pinky Opposition

68
Q

Precision Grips

A

Pinch & Key Grips

Intrinsic Muscles are more likely to be agonists

Requires Dexterity

69
Q

Power Grips

A

Power & Hook

Extrinsic Muscles are more likely to be agonists

Lumbricals aren’t highly active

Tasks require high force or endurance

70
Q

Pinch Grip Agonists

A

Agonists: Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Adductor Pollicis, Opponens Pollicis

71
Q

Key Grip

A

Agonists: DAB #1, Extensor Digitorum, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Adductor Pollicis

72
Q

Power Grip

A

Agonists: All Finger Flexors & Adductor Pollicis

73
Q

Hook Grip

A

Agonists: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & All other finger flexors

The thumb is not involved

Kine 374 (3 decks)

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