Exam 3 Learning Outcomes

Question 1

Describe the hierarchy of structural components that comprise skeletal muscle

Answer 1

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Question 2

Identify the structural components of sarcomeres

Answer 2

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Question 3

Describe the structure and function of each protein found in the thick and thin myofilaments

Answer 3

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Question 4

List the steps that occur during excitation-contraction coupling within the skeletal muscles

Answer 4

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Question 5

Explain the key steps in the sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation

Answer 5

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Question 6

List the energy consuming steps in skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation

Answer 6

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Question 7

Describe the structure of a motor unit and how it is used to generate twitch contractions

Answer 7

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Question 8

Identify the main differences between the three different types of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 8

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Question 9

Explain the concept of skeletal muscle summation and how it is used to generate muscle contractions of differing strengths

Answer 9

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Question 10

Describe the differences in the structure of smooth muscle cells vs. skeletal muscle cells

Answer 10

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Question 11

Compare multi-unit smooth muscle tissue with single-unit smooth muscle tissue

Answer 11

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Question 12

Compare the mechanism of smooth muscle contraction to the mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction

Answer 12

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Question 13

Describe the types of fuels (macronutrients) that are commonly used as energy sources within an animal’s body

Answer 13

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Question 14

List and describe the five primary digestive processes that allow the digestive system to acquire nutrients from the foods that the animal eats

Answer 14

1. Ingestion - take into the body through mouth
2. Movement of Food - passage of food along GI tract
3. Digestion - breakdown of food into smaller units that can be absorbed from lumen of GI tract into the bloodstream
4. Absorption - passage of digested components of food from lumen of GI tract into the blood for distribution to all body cells
5. Defecation - elimination of indigestible substances from the GI tract as feces

Question 15

Describe the digestive events that occur in each chamber along the GI tract

Answer 15

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Question 16

Explain how the digestive processes are regulated by the nervous system and the endocrine system

Answer 16

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Question 17

Describe the mechanisms used to absorb the major types of nutrients (monosaccharides, amino acids, lipids) from the lumen of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Answer 17

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