Exam 3 Jeopardy questions Flashcards
DNA nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and this
a nitrogenous base
the backbones of DNA are this, where their subunits run in opposite directions.
antiparallel
a bacterial chromosome will only have one of these whereas a eukaryotic chromosome may have thousands
an origin of replication
Guanine and Cytosine are complementary because they bond with this number of hydrogen bonds
three
in DNA replication, this enzyme breaks, swivels, and rejoins the DNA strands ahead of the replication fork to prevent overwinding
topoisomerase
the cell cycle consists of these two phases
interphase and the mitotic phase
Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of this, a complex of DNA and protein
chromatin
during the phase of the mitotic phase, the mitotic spindle attaches kinetochore microtubules to the centromeres and the nuclear envelope fragments
prometaphase
in plant cells, this forms during cytokinesis to separate the newly divided cells
a cell plate
If a cell receives a go-ahead signal at this checkpoint, the cell wil usually complete all of the phases and divide
G1 checkpoint
A diploid, human somatic cell has this many pairs of autosomes
22
during this phase of meiosis, synapsis occurs when homologous chromosomes loosely pair up and are held together by the proteins of the synaptonemal complex
prophase 1
in this phase of meiosis, the sister chromatids separate and move as individual chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell
anaphase 2
during meiosis 1, also referred to as this type of division, the homologs pair up and separate resulting in two haploid daughter cells
reductional division
crossing over produces this type of chromosomes, which combine DNA inherited from each parent
recombinant chromosomes
True-breeding plants exhibit this type of zygosity
homozygosity
the F2 generation is a cross between two hybrid individuals from this generation
F1 generation
this mendelian hypothesis states that two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
the law of segregation
when the gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus, this type of inheritance is occuring
epistasis
a cross between two F1 dihybrids will show that the genes are not linked if it yields this phenotypic ratio
9:3:3:1
Morgan noted that in this type, the phenotypes of his flies were normal, common ones found in fly populations
wild type
In order for a male to express a recessive x-linked trait, he must have this number of copies of the allele
one
if a female is heterozygous for a particular gene on the X chromosome, she will be a mix of that character because one X condenses into this structure
a Barr body
Down syndrome is an aneuploid condition that results from a ____ of chromosome 21
trisomy
