Exam 3 Innate Immune Response Flashcards
pathogen
a specific causative agent of disease
Function of the immune system
to guard against pathogens.
Two types of immune systems
innate and adaptive
recognition
pathogens are non-self; body cells are self
5 components of innate responses
fever, toll-like receptors (TLRs), phagocytes, complement proteins, interferon proteins.
fever
elevated body temperature, detected by the hypothalamus
blood
55% plasma/45% cells, RBCs are erythrocytes have no nucleus, WBCs have nucleus leukocytes.
Granulocytes
WBC with abundant intracellular granules are an intracellular organelle include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
agranulocytes
WBC lacking prominent intracellular granules, includes monocytes and lymphocytes.
Cytokines
protein messengers secreted by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes; bind and activate PM receptors on cells; function with autocrine and paracrine factors.
TLRs
present in the PM of immune system cells, humans have 10 TLRs, each TLR recognizes a different PAMP,
PAMP
pathogen associated molecular pattern, characteristic of molecules found in pathogens, are recognized by TLRs.
when are cytokines secreted by WBC
when PAMP binds to a TLR and this triggers both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Mobile Phagocytes
neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, microglia, alveolar macrophages.
fixed phagocytes
kuppfer cells, phagocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes.
macrophages non immune function
clear cellular debris from tissues, eat cells that are/have committed suicide, can detect the presence of phosphatidylserine.
macrophage immune function
recognize PAMPs, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, attract WBC to site of infection
Chemotaxis
cells locomote towards the source of a chemical that is being secreted by some other cell.
Chemokine
a cytokine that triggers chemotaxis
lymphokines
cytokines secreted by helper t-lymphocytes
interleukins
cytokines whose amino acid sequences are known
C1
involved in recognition
C2, C3, C4
are involved in activation
C5-C9
involved in attacking.
compliment proteins
present in blood plasma, activated when antigens bind to antibodies, promote phagocytosis, promote killing TC, help innate and adaptive immunities.
antigen
any molecule that triggers the production of antibody proteins
antibodies
proteins produced by immune system cells in response to antigens
interferons
provide short term protection from viral infection, alpha, beta, gamma, act as paracrine factors
