EXAM 3 HORMONES Flashcards by Symone Martinez-Harrison

Principle function of TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

Promotes secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin

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Function of PRH (prolactin-releasing hormone)

Promotes secretion of prolactin

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Function of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

Promotes secretion of hormones that will affect the gonads (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone)

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Function of CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)

Promotes secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

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Function of GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone/somatostatin)

Inhibits secretion of growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone

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Function of PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone/dopamine)

Inhibits secretion of prolactin

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What are the hormones of the hypothalamus?

TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
PRH (prolactin-releasing hormone)
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone/somatocritin
GHIH (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone/somatostatin)
PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone/dopamine)

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What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
LH (luteinizing hormone)
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
PRL (prolactin)
GH (growth hormone)

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Function and target organ/tissue for FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Function: male:sperm production female:growth of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen
Target organ/tissue: ovaries, testes

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Function and target organ/tissue for LH (luteinizing hormone)

Function: male:testosterone secretion female: ovulation, maintenance of corpus luteum
Target organ/tissue: ovaries, testes

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Function and target organ/tissue for TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)

Function: growth of thyroid, secretion of thyroid hormone

Target organ/tissue: thyroid gland

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Function and target organ/tissue for ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Function: growth of adrenal cortex, secretion of glucocorticoids
Target organ/tissue: adrenal cortex

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Function and target organ/tissue for PRL (prolactin)

Function: milk production

Target organ/tissue: mammary glands

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Function and target organ/tissue for GH (growth hormone)

Function: widespread tissue growth, especially in the stated tissues
Target organ/tissue: liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat

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What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

- OT (oxytocin)

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Function and target organ/tissue for ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Function: water retention

Target organ/tissue: kidneys

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Function and target organ/tissue for OT (oxytocin)

Function: labor contraction, milk release, ejaculation, sperm transport, emotion affection, mother-infant bonding, smooth muscle contraction during orgasm
Target organ/tissue: uterus, mammary glands

What are the 3 thyroid glands?

T3: triiodothyronine
T4: tetraiodothyronine
CT: calcitonin

Function and target organs/tissues for T3 (triiodothyronine)

Function:increases rate of metabolism

Target organ/tissue: many cell in the body

Function and target organ/tissue for T4 (tetraiodothyronine)

Function: increase rate of metabolism

Target organ/tissue: many cells in the body

Function and target organ/tissue for CT (calcitonin)

Function: increases calcium storage in bone, lower blood calcium levels
Target organ/tissue: bone tissue (osteoclasts)

Function and target organ/tissue for PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Function: increase calcium removal from storage in bone, produces the active form of vitamin D in the kidney, increase absorption of calcium by intestines, increases blood Ca2+ levels
Target organ/tissue: bone tissue (osteoclasts) and kidney

Function and target organ/tissue for Aldosterone

Functions: stimulates kidney tubules to conserve sodium; triggers the release of ADH and the resulting conservation of water by the kidney
Target organ/tissue: kidney

Function and target organ/tissue for cortisol

Function: increase protein breakdown, stimulate gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, provide resistance to stress, dampen inflammation, depress immune response
Target organ/tissue: many cells in the body

Function and target organ/tissue for Adrenal Androgens (DHEA)

Function: assist in early growth of axillary and pubic hair, contributes to libido and are source of estrogens after menopause

Function and target organ/tissue for Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

Function: enhance effects of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system during stress Target organ/tissue: sympathetic nervous system effectors

What is mineralocorticoids also known as?

Aldosterone

What are glucocorticoids also known as?

Cortisol

What’s re androgens also known as?

DHEA

What cells release glucagon?

Alpha cells

What cells release insulin?

Beta cells

What cells release somatostatin?

Delta cells

What cells release pancreatic peptide (PP)?

PP or F cells

Alpha cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

Hormone:glucagon Targets: liver, adipose Primary targets: promotes glucose synthesis, glycogen breakdown, increases blood glucose levels Regulation: stimulated by low blood glucose levels. Inhibited by somatostatin

Bet cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

Hormone: insulin Target: most cells Primary target: promotes cellular uptake of glucose and storage of lipids and glycogen Regulation: stimulated by high blood glucose concentration and parasympathetic stimulation. Inhibited by somatostatin and sympathetic stimulation

Delta cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

Hormone: somatostatin Targets: other islet cells and digestive epithelium Primary targets: inhibits insulin and glucagon. Slows nutrient absorption and enzyme secretion in the digestive tract Regulation: stimulated by protein-rich food. Unknown inhibitory regulation

F cells: hormone, targets, primary targets, regulation

Hormone: pancreatic polypeptide (PP) Targets: digestive organs Primary targets: inhibits gallbladder contraction and regulates release of pancreatic enzymes Regulation: stimulated by protein-rich food and by parasympathetic stimulation

Function and target organ/tissue for estradiol

Function: regulate female reproductive cycle, maintain pregnancy, promote maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics Target organ/tissue: uterus, breast, and other tissues

Function and target organ/tissue for progesterone

Function: maintain endometrial thickness and proper conditions for pregnancy Target organ/tissue: uterus, breast, and other tissues

Function and target organ/tissue for testosterone

Function: increase production of sperm, develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics, libido Target organ/tissue: sperm-producing cells of the testes, muscles, and other tissues

Function and target organ/tissue for relaxin

Function: increases flexibility in the pubic symphysis during pregnancy; and helps dilate the cervix during labor and delivery Target organ/tissue: pubic symphysis and uterine cervix

Function and target organ/tissue for inhibin

Function: inhibits the secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary Target organ/tissue: gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland