Exam 3 Health Assessment Ch 9

Question 1

Concepts interrelated to tissue integrity

Answer 1

perfusion, oxygenation, nutrition, motion, tactile sensory perception, elimination, and pain

Question 2

Skin and accessory structures

Answer 2

hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

Question 3

Primary functions of skin

Answer 3

protection (external and internal), retain body fluids and electrolytes, sensory input, temperature regulation, production of vitamin D, excretion of sweat, urea, and lactic acid, expression of emotion (blushing), and repair of its own wounds

Question 4

three layers of skin

Answer 4

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Question 5

The epidermis

Answer 5

outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium.
Avascular
Deepest layer is stratum germinativum
30 days for cells to regenerate die and slough off

Question 6

Melanocytes secrete

Answer 6

melanin, which provides pigment for the skin and hair

Question 7

Dermis

Answer 7

Highly vascular layer of connective tissue
fibers that react to touch, pain, and temperature
1-4 mm thick

Question 8

Hypodermis

Answer 8

Subcutaneous layer
support structure for the dermis and epidermis
loose connective tissue
fatty cells help retain heat, provide a protective cushion, and provide calories

Question 9

what forms our hair

Answer 9

epidermal cells in the dermis

Question 10

Each hair consist of

Answer 10

root, a shaft, and a follicle.

Question 11

skin tissue adjacent to the nail

Answer 11

paronychium

Question 12

Capillary refil

Answer 12

< 2 seconds

Question 13

normal color of nails

Answer 13

pink

Question 14

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 14

Regulate body temperature by water secretion
most wide spread sweat gland on body
found in great numbers on hands and feet and forehead

Question 15

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 15

found in the axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids and external ears.
begin secretion at puberty, strongly influenced by hormones.
decomposition of the apocrine sweat produced body odor

Question 16

Sebaceous glands

Answer 16

lipid rich called sebum keeps skin lubricated
mostly in face and scalp
not found in palms and soles of feet

Question 17

General health history

Answer 17

Present health status
past health history and family history
personal and psychosocial history

Question 18

Problem based history

Answer 18

skin
hair
nails

Question 19

The most commonly reported symptom of skin disease

Answer 19

pruritis

Question 20

Puritus (itching)

Answer 20

Ask when it started, did it start suddenly or onset, where it started and has it spread.
-This may help provide clues to the cause.

Question 21

Alleviating and aggravating for itching

Answer 21

this data may provide clues to the cause.
if taking an antihistamine relieves the itch,
the cause may be an allergy

Question 22

common factors for puritus

Answer 22

allergic response (hives), exposure to chemicals, infestation of scabies, lice, or insect bites. Systemic diseases such as biliary cirrhosis and some types of cancer, such as, lymphoma may cause pruritus

Question 23

What to look for on skin

Answer 23

Pruritus, rash, pain, lesion or changes in mole, change in skin color, skin texture, and wounds

Question 24

Rash

Answer 24

Not generally a disease, but a symptom of an allergic response, skin disorder, or systemic illness

Question 25

Questions to ask for a rash

Answer 25

- when did it start - did the rash appear initially raised or flat - does the rash itch or burn - alleviating factors & aggravating factors - any other syptoms - do you have known allergies to foods, plants, skin/hair, products, laundry detergent, chemicals, or animals - does anyone in the family have a similar rash

Question 26

Questions to ask for pain

Answer 26

- describe the pain - when did it start - location - spread - is the pain only on the skin surface or does it go deep inside

Question 27

Lesions may result from

Answer 27

acne, trauma, infections, exposure to chemicals, or other irritants, tumors, or other systemic diseases.

Question 28

Changing or irregular mole may be a sign of

Answer 28

malignant lesion

Question 29

causes of change in skin color

Answer 29

medications, anemia, or a systemic disease (liver disease causing jaundice.

Question 30

Localized changed in skin color may be caused by

Answer 30

tissue perfusion, cyanosis, bruising, or vitiligo

Question 31

dry skin

Answer 31

xerosos

Question 32

oily skin

Answer 32

seborrhea

Question 33

dry skin could be a cause of

Answer 33

and existing systemic disease like Thyroid disease, or related to environmental condition such as low humidity or poor skin lubrication.

Question 34

Wound documantation

Answer 34

Location and how long it has been there.

Question 35

problems with wound healing may suggest

Answer 35

nutritional or metabolic problems, infection, or poor circulation

Question 36

Changed in hair can be a result of

Answer 36

stress or systemic disease

Question 37

decrease in hair growth on an extremity may indicate

Answer 37

problems with arterial circulation.

Question 38

Increase in hair growth may indicate

Answer 38

an ovarian or adrenal tumor

Question 39

Hyperthyroidism can cause the nail

Answer 39

to separate from the nail bed and make the nail appear "dirty"

Question 40

Cyanosis in light skin

Answer 40

Grayish-blue tone, especially in nail beds, earlobes, lips, mucous membranes, palms, and soles of feet.

Question 41

Erythemain light skin

Answer 41

Reddish tone with evidence of increased skin temperature secondary to inflammation

Question 42

Petechiae in light skin

Answer 42

lesions appear as small. reddish-purple pinpoints

Question 43

Ecchymosis (bruise) in light skin

Answer 43

Dark red, purple, yellow, or green color, depending on age of bruise

Question 44

Cyanosis in dark skin

Answer 44

Ashen-gray color most easily seen in the conjunctiva of the eye, oral mucous membranes and nail beds

Question 45

Ecchymosis in dark skin

Answer 45

deeper bluish or black tone; difficult to see unless it occurs in an area of light pigmentation

Question 46

Erythema in dark skin

Answer 46

deeper brown or purple skin tone with evidence of increased skin temperature secondary to inflammation

Question 47

Jaundice in darker skin

Answer 47

Yellowish-green color

Question 48

pallor in dark skin

Answer 48

loss of underlying healthy red tones of the skin

Question 49

Petechiae in dark skin

Answer 49

difficult to see; may be evident in the buccal mucosa of the mouth or sclera