Exam 3 Health Assessment Ch 14

Question 1

Functions of bones

Answer 1

support for soft tissues and organs
protection of brain and spinal cord
body movement
hematopoiesis

Question 2

Risk factors for osteoarthritis

Answer 2

*Age: >50
*Gender: Women (less bone tissue and lose it more than men
*Race: Caucasians & Asians
*Bone structures and body weight: Small boned and thin women <127lb
Lifestyle: Cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol, inadequate calcium, weight bearing exercise.

Question 3

Fasciculations

Answer 3

Muscle twitching of a single muscle group

Question 4

Muscle pain

Answer 4

Cramping,

Question 5

Bone Pain

Answer 5

Deep, dull, boring, or intense

Question 6

Spasms

Answer 6

Involuntary muscle contractions

Question 7

Overview

Answer 7

Cephalocaudal (head to toe)

Question 8

patients with rheumatoid Arthritis have pain, edema, and warmth where?

Answer 8

Found bilaterally in joints

Question 9

Osteoarthritis pain and enlarged joints is found where?

Answer 9

Unilateral in joints

Question 10

TMJ pain….Ask about?

Answer 10

Sore throat

Question 11

To measure the angle of a joint, use?

Answer 11

Goniometer

Question 12

Test Trapezius muscle for?

Answer 12

Strength (push down on shoulder and have patient resist).

Question 13

Dorsiflex the ankle for range of motion

Answer 13

pointing toes toward the face reaching 20 degree from midline

Question 14

Plantar flex the ankle for range of motion

Answer 14

pointing the toes toward the floor should reach 45 degree from midline

Question 15

Evert foot for range of motion

Answer 15

rotating it outward. should be 20 degrees

Question 16

Invert the foot for range of motion

Answer 16

rotating it inward. Should be 30 degrees

Question 17

Abduct the foot for range of motion

Answer 17

turning it away from midline. abduction is 10 degrees

Question 18

Adduct the foot for range of motion

Answer 18

turning it inward toward midline. Adduction is 20 degree

Question 19

Expected findings of gait for conformity, rhythm, and symmetry

Answer 19

• regular smooth rhythm
• symmetry in length of leg swing
• smooth swaying
• smooth, symmetric arm swing

Question 20

when uneven leg length is suspected

Answer 20

measure leg from anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus, crossing the knee on the medial side.

Question 21

Inspect face and neck for symmetry by?

Answer 21

• ask patient to smile and open and close mouth

* Palpate with pads of fingers in front of targus of each ear (TMJ) with mouth open and closed.

Question 22

Mouth should easily open to

Answer 22

3-6cm between upper and lower teeth

Question 23

Mouth should easily open to

Answer 23

3-6cm between upper and lower teeth

Question 24

Abnormal finding with TMJ

Answer 24

Pain or crepitus of the TMJ with locking or popping may require further evaluation

Question 25

Palpate the neck for tone

Answer 25

pads of thumbs and fingers palpate the neck muscles and lymph nodes

Question 26

Abnormal findings of neck for tone

Answer 26

pain on palpation, enlarged lymph nodes, or neck spasm (indicates nerve compression or stress.

Question 27

observe neck for range of motion

Answer 27

* flex chin to chest (45 degree) * hyperextend the head to 55 degrees * Laterally bend head to right and left (40 degrees from midline) * Rotate chin to the shoulders (70 degrees from midline)

Question 28

Abnormal findings for range of motion

Answer 28

Range of motion is impaired by pain or muscle spasms.

Question 29

Reasons hyperextension and flexion are limited

Answer 29

* cervical vertebral disk herniation * degeneration * osteoarthritic changes

Question 30

If pain, numbness, or tingling are reported during range of motion, this may indicate

Answer 30

compression of cervical spinal root nerves

Question 31

What main muscle is being tested for strength in the neck

Answer 31

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 32

Kyphosis

Answer 32

a posterior curvature of the thoracic spine

Question 33

Scoliosis

Answer 33

is a lateral curvature of the spine

Question 34

Pivot joints permit movement of

Answer 34

one bone articulating with a ring or notch of another bone such as the head of the radius, which articulates with the radial notch of the ulna.

Question 35

Hinge joints

Answer 35

(e.g Knee, elbow, and fingers) permit extension and flexion. Some hinge joints allow hyperextension.

Question 36

Ball and socket joints

Answer 36

head of femur into the acetabulum

Question 37

Diarthrodial joints

Answer 37

synovial joints because they are lined with fluid

Question 38

difference between ligaments and tendons

Answer 38

Ligaments: strong, dense, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones to bones. Provide support in several ways: encircling the joint, gripping it obliquely, or lying parallel to the bone ends across the joint. Can simultaneously allow some movements while restricting others Tendons: strong, nonelastic cords of collagen located at the ends of muscles to attach them to bones. Support bone movement in response to skeletal muscle contractions, transmitting remarkable force at times from the contracting muscles to the bone without sustaining injury themselves