exam 3- GI tract and cardiovascular

Question 1

primary digestive organs

Answer 1

mouth/oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus

Question 2

accessory digestive organs

Answer 2

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 3

duration of motility in oral cavity

Answer 3

voluntary control

Question 4

duration of motility in esophagus

Answer 4

rapid pass

Question 5

duration of motility in stomach

Answer 5

2.5 to 3 hours

Question 6

duration of motility in small intestine

Answer 6

3-4 hours

Question 7

duration of motility in colon

Answer 7

30-40 hours

Question 8

where does absorption mostly occur?

Answer 8

small intestine

Question 9

what is required for region specific digestion and the movement of food?

Answer 9

muscles! only muscles can generate force

Question 10

muscles that are needed to region specific digestion

Answer 10

chewing or masticatory muscles (oral cavity)
tongue (oral cavity)
upper esophageal sphincter (skeletal musc)
upper esophagus (skeletal musc)
external anal sphincter (skeletal musc)

Question 11

what are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal, starting with the outer layer?

Answer 11

serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa

Question 12

what does the mucosa consist of?

Answer 12

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

Question 13

what does the submucosa consist of?

Answer 13

submucosal nerve plexus

Question 14

what does the muscularis externa consist of?

Answer 14

circular muscle
myentric nerve plexus
longitudinal muscle

Question 15

what system controls the GI activity?

Answer 15

enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 16

types of epithelial cells in the mucosa

Answer 16

protective epithelia
secretory epithelia
absorptive epithelia

Question 17

protective epithelia is most abundant where

Answer 17

esophagus

Question 18

secretory epithelia is most abundant where

Answer 18

throughout the entire GI tract.
mucus secreting cells (like goblet cells in small intestine)
enteroendocrine cells that secrete hormones
enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells secrete neurotransmitters like histamine

Question 19

what is the absorptive epithelial?

Answer 19

enterocytes, most abundant in small intestine

Question 20

what is the lamina propria? (located in mucosa)

Answer 20

a connective tissue; immune cells, lacteal and capillaries

Question 21

what is the muscularis mucosae? (located in mucosa)

Answer 21

a smooth muscle layer that is responsible for the folds and villi (which is what increases the surface area)

Question 22

what is the submucosa?

Answer 22

a connective tissue layer that has arteries, veins and lymph vessels

Question 23

what is the submucosal layer in the submucosa?

Answer 23

this layer senses the environment of the lumen and regulates the blood flow, epithelial cell function, and secretion from exocrine glands

Question 24

what is the muscularis externa?

Answer 24

the layer between the submucosa and the serosa. it is made out of circular and longitudinal muscle in a perpendicular form. these layers of muscle give rise to the control of motility of digestive tract by controlling the contraction and relaxation times of the muscles.