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UM - Soft Tissue Techniques > Exam 3 - FM, MMS, IASTM, Cupping, Ethics and Legal > Flashcards

Exam 3 - FM, MMS, IASTM, Cupping, Ethics and Legal Flashcards

1
Q

What two elements does functional massage combine?

A

Non-painful joint motion and massage

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2
Q

Who was FM originally developed by?

A

Olaf Evjenth

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3
Q

What are the two goals of functional massage

A

1 - Manage Musculotendinous and periarticular soft tissue pain
2 - to manage tissue tension

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4
Q

What does FM aid?

A
  • Impaired segmental and/or joint motion
  • Impaired mm function/performance
  • Impaired neural dynamics
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5
Q

What is the theorized mechanism of action for pain management w/FM

A
  • Gait mechanism
  • Modulation of chemical irritants
  • Mod of pain by the inclusion of potentially pain referring periarticular and articular structures during FM
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6
Q

What are the indications of FM

A
  • Pain
  • Soft tissue edema/swelling
  • Mm guarding
  • Chronic or acute mm tightness
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7
Q

What are the contraindications/precautions of FM

A
  • Extensive connective tissue weakness
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Extensive guarding
  • Inflammatory episode
  • Significant osteophytosis
  • Extensive fear of movement
  • Drugs that alter sensation, affect blood clotting, circulation, or alter mood
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8
Q

What is the application of the massage component for FM?

A
  • Compressions and decompressions at a rate of approximately 1 rep for 3-4 seconds
  • Applied to promote tissue elong or approx based on goal of treatment
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9
Q

What is the application of the joint motion component of FM

A

Pain free ROM (angular or translatoric) w/ amplitude of joint motion easily controlled by the therapist

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10
Q

What is the Pt positioning of FM

A
  • Contact made w/o physical stress to PT and joint ROM easily controlled
  • To optimize goals of particular treatment
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11
Q

What is the PT positioning of FM

A
  • Optimize contact and pressure w/massaging hand while gripping/supporting adjacent joint partner w/other hand
  • Be in good area w/full physical capabilities
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12
Q

What is the hand contact for FM

A
  • Based on side and shape of contact area, as well as the size, strength, and flexibility of therapists hands
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13
Q

When should you approximate the skin?

A

With FM soft tissue lengthening

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14
Q

T or F: You do not move your hands across the skin w/FM

A

False - you have to move hand on the tissues but there should not be any sliding of the skin

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15
Q

When do you use lengthening FM?

A

W/MTU or periarticular soft tissues painful, tight, and/or restricting active or passive movement

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16
Q

What is the sequence of lengthening FM

A
  1. moving hand shortens mm
  2. massaging hand approx skin toward moving joint
  3. apply P into ST to be treated
  4. Move joint to lengthen mm
  5. Relax STP while returning joint to start
  6. Allow massaging hand to new loc while preppin glimb for elongation
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17
Q

When do you use functional massage

A

Musculotendinous or periarticular soft tissues are sensitive to lengthening (acute mm strains, partical MTU tears, painful tendonitis)

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18
Q

Which direction should shortening FM be applied

A

Origin of mm, or a particular portion of MTU is sensitive to lengthening, the massage p may be directed towards the lesion

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19
Q

T or F: Shortening FM helps increase blood-flow, oxygen, and nutrients to the damaged tissue

A

True

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20
Q

What can a self-FM be used for

A
  • Sore and tight mm
  • Sore and injured mm
  • Following exercise
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21
Q

What should occur w/sore and tight mm FM

A
  • Pain present (mild to mod intensity at most)

- Tissue compressions applied directly to sore or tight portion of the mm and tightness should decrease over time

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22
Q

What should occur w/sore and injured mm FM

A
  • Tissue compressions are directed towards the injured portion of the mm
  • Tissues shortened during self-fun massage
  • Increased soreness should not occur
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23
Q

What does x mean

a) Gua
b) Sha

A

a) scrape

b) sand

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24
Q

What is gua sha

A
  • Involves scraping a tool across skin
  • Redness said to be indicative of toxins leaving the body
  • Not part of PT Practice but similar to IASTM
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25
Q

What is IASTM intended purpose

A
  • Stimulate healing
  • Promote inflammation
  • Release adhesions
  • Neuromodulation of pain and tone
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26
Q

What does the research on IASTM show

A

Potential to:

  • Increase superficial blood flow
  • Decrease pain locally and distally from the site of application

Maybe can:

  • Increase fibroblast prolif/collagen form
  • Improve proprioception
  • Improve mm contractility and/or reduce mm tone
27
Q

What are the indications for IASTM

A
  • Limited motion
  • Pain during motion
  • Motor control issues
  • Mm recruitment issues
  • Pt expectations/beliefs
28
Q

What are the contraindications for IASTM

A
  • Compromised tissue integrity
  • Active implants
  • DVT
  • Cervical carotid sinus
  • Hemophilia
  • Lack of Pt competency
  • Pt expectations/beliefs
29
Q

Graston Technique: for the clinician

A
  • Provides improved diagnostic treatment
  • Detects major and minor fibrotic changes
  • Reduces manual stress
  • Increases Pt satisfaction by achieving notably better outcomes
  • Expands bus opportunities through positive referrals
30
Q

Graston technique: For the Pt

A
  • Decreases overall t of treatment
  • Fosters faster rehab/recovery
  • Reduced need for anti-inflamm med
  • Resolves chronic conditions thought to be permanent
  • Provides efficient way to maintain optimal ROM
31
Q

T or F: Anyone can use graston tools

A

Both - you can use the tools but if you are not certified it is just IASTM

32
Q

Rockblades

A

Have matte-finished dimples and “Brass-knuckle” style for different handling and has 4 treatment surfaces

33
Q

Hawkgrips

A
  • Same reasons as before
34
Q

What do you do prior to treatment IASTM

A
  • Set patient expectations (short and long term)
  • Mild redness
  • Immediate changes
35
Q

What is the technique for IASTM

A
  • add prep to skin
  • Hand tool w/a loose grip
  • Apply at a 45 deg angle from skin
  • Start w/assessment
  • Modify intervention
36
Q

What is the treatment time

A

2-5 minutes per area

37
Q

Assessing w/IASTM

A

Feel for gritty tissue that can become more apparent w/tension

38
Q

What to do w/sequencing IASTM

A

// to fibers, apply to P in one direction only

39
Q

Speed to IASTM

A
  • Quicker = facilitating or relaxing

- Slower = inhibitory/relaxing

40
Q

Depth to IASTM

A

Superficial: Tissue can be on slack or lengthened and always start superficial w/sharper edge

Deep: Tissue on relative slack, use duller version of the tool and don’t exert a lot of force

41
Q

List the 4 strokes for IASTM

A
  • Brushing
  • Augmented Brushing
  • Fanning
  • Active Brushing
42
Q

How do you progress IASTM?

A
  • Start w/light pressure
  • lengthening the tissue can be more aggressive
  • deeper in slackened position
43
Q

Is IASTM = ASTYM?

A

No!!! ASTYM is more regenerative in nature and has a specific exercise program

44
Q

ASTYM

A

Stimulates scar tissue to be resorbed by the body and regenerates damaged soft tissue

45
Q

How long do you leave cups on?

A

For 2-3/5-10 minutes

46
Q

what are the three types of cupping?

A
  • Dry
  • Wet
  • Massage
47
Q

What does cupping do?

A

Creates a vacuum to lift tissue away

- theoretical: immunomodulation effects and anti-inflammatory effects

48
Q

Indications for Cupping

A
  • Pt expectations
  • Chronic Pain
  • Pain/general mm soreness
  • Limited ROM
  • Limited skin mobility
49
Q

Contraindications for Cupping

A
  • Concerns w/skin integrity and vascular system
  • Infection
  • Cancer
  • Swelling/edema
  • Hemophilia
  • Areas near large blood vessels
  • Compromised liver and kidney function
50
Q

What is hypomobility?

A

Restricted motion caused by adaptive shortening of the soft tissues: Capsule, ligaments, muscles, or tendons

51
Q

What is hypomobility caused by

A
  • Prolonged immobility
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Postural malalignment and mm imbalances
  • Weakness
  • Tissue trauma - inflamm and pain
  • Congenital or acquired
52
Q

What are the indications for stretching

A
  • IMPROVE ROM
  • prevention of structural deformities
  • Mm weakness and shortening of opposing tissues
  • reduce DOMS
  • Component of fitness or sport specific exercise program
53
Q

Contraindications to stretching

A
  • Hard abnormal end feel
  • Recent fx
  • Evidence of acute inflammation, infection
  • Sharp, acute pain w/mm elongation
  • Hematoma
  • Contracture improves tability, function that otherwise would limit activity or participation functions
  • Pre-existing hypermobility
54
Q

What is the neurophys of stretching

A
  • Stretch reflex (contract mm in response to passive stretch, stim mechanoreceptors of CNS to provide info on ML and tension, protect mm from injury, quick stretch to facilitate a reflex contraction)
55
Q

What does the mm spindle do in response to mm stretch

A

Respond to changes in length and velocity of length change - esp w/rapid changes like ballistic stretching

56
Q

What happens w/the GTO in response to mm stretch

A
  • detects increase in tension -> sends message to CNS to cause reflexive relaxation of mm -> stretch > 8 sec to override mm spindle –> autogenic inhibition occurs
57
Q

What are the short term effects of stretching

A

Mm relax and elong of elastic components

58
Q

What are the long term effects of stretching

A

Plastic deformation and addition of sarcomeres

59
Q

What are some good stretching fundamentals

A
  • alignment appropriate for mm

- Stabilization appropriate for mm

60
Q

Long v short duration stretching

A

20 sec to 5 min for long bs short is cyclic, repeated, 5-10 seconds

61
Q

T or F: There are many types of stretching

A

True-Examples:

  • Manual
  • Mechanical
  • Ballistic
  • PNF
  • Self
  • Active/dynamic
62
Q

Active v Passive warm-up w/stretching

A

Active w/low-intensity exercises to increase tissue temperatures vs passive increases tissue extensibility w/heat or deep heat

63
Q

What is a hold-relax MMS

A

Have Pt press into you in lengthened position for 6-10 sec, then have them relax and move farther into the range

64
Q

What is stimulation of the antagonist MMS

A

Ask Pt to move father into motion trying to improve

UM - Soft Tissue Techniques (3 decks)

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