Exam 1 - MFR & Therapeutic Massage

Question 1

T or F: Manual Therapy results are a combination of mechanical, physiological, and psychological components

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is fascia compoased of

Answer 2

Gel-like ground substance, collagen, and elastin

Question 3

What is the function of the superficial layer of fascia

Answer 3

Allow mobility of skin, to insulate, and to store E for metabolic use

Question 4

What is the function of the deep layer of fascia

Answer 4

To compartmentalize the body, fuse the periosteum of the bones, and to transmit forces of the attached muscles

Question 5

What is the function of the subserous layer of fascia

Answer 5

Cover the internal organs and small circulatory channels and contains fluid to lubricate the surfaces of the internal orgaans

Question 6

What layers of fascia do myofascial massage techniques address

Answer 6

The subcutaneous/superficial and the deep fascia layers

Question 7

What is the general orientation of fascia

Answer 7

Vertically, but it is also multidirectional

Question 8

What are the 4 major transverse plains of fascia

Answer 8

Pelvic diaphragm,
Respiratory diaphragm,
Thoracic inlet
Cranial base

Question 9

Function of fascia

Answer 9

Support blood vessels and nerves,
Allow adjacent tissues to move on each other,
Lubrication between structures,
Makes periosteum stronger,
Surround muscles and connect muscle groups,
Assist in force transmission,
Can be the origin of acute and chronic problems

Question 10

What is fascial contraction and what does it lead to

Answer 10

Repetitive or sustained positions/mvmts, trauma that cause strain/irritability on the myofascial system, leading to pain and limitations in motion as well as the possibility of increased guarding or tone

Question 11

What is Myofascial Release

Answer 11

A specialized system of prolonged manual stretching of the fascial tissues of the body, to the point where there is a release of tension

Question 12

Theoretical principles of MFR

Answer 12

Fascia has various functions to allow movement, and with injury it came become tight.

MFR is a manual technique that stretches restricted fascia to normalize mobility in immediate and surrounding areas

Question 13

What is the goal of MFR

Answer 13

To reduce pain/irritability and improve tolerance for other approaches or movement

Question 14

What are indications for MFR

Answer 14

Poor tolerance for more aggressive/active approaches
Highly irritable symptoms
Spasm/heightened muscle tone

Question 15

What are contraindications for MFR

Answer 15

Malignancy
Aneurysm
Acute RA
Systemic or local infections
osteomyelitis
Hematoma
Anticoagulant therapy/clotting disorder
Directly over open wounds

Question 16

Precautions for MFR

Answer 16

open wounds
Healing fractures
hypersensitivity of the skin
osteoporosis or advanced degenerative changes

Question 17

Direct vs indirect MFR

Answer 17

Direct is sustained pressure directly over the restricted tissues whereas indirect is a mild stretch held for a longer period of time, not usual seen in a PT technique

Question 18

Direct MFR technique

Answer 18

apply pressure for 30-120 seconds, then slowly release and re-evaluate following

Question 19

What is Skin Rolling

Answer 19

A MFR technique where the skin and subcutaneous tissues are mobilized to improve circulation in the area

Question 20

What are arm and leg pulls

Answer 20

A MFR technique or a full body stretches that help release restriction sin the fascial web from head to toe

Question 21

What are cross-handed stretches

Answer 21

A specific MFR technique that affect the skin and release of local lines of restrictions by a sustained pull

Question 22

What are transverse plane releases

Answer 22

A specific MFR technique that works on restrictions in the pelvic floor, respiratory diaphragm, thoracic area, and sub-cranial

Question 23

Define therapeutic massage

Answer 23

the use of a variety of mechanical techniques designed to:
** Promote functional independence in a person who has a specific health problem **
promote stress relief, mobilize various structures, relieve pain and swelling, and prevent deformity.

Question 24

Define recreational massage

Answer 24

The use of a variety of manual techniques designed to relieve stress, promote relaxation and general wellness in a person who has no definable health problem.

Question 25

What are the benefits of touch?

Answer 25

Improve pts pain, attitude, confidence, etc

Question 26

What should you keep in mind when applying mediums?

Answer 26

Does the pt have an allergy? | Consider the goal, start with less, and be careful of cross-contamination

Question 27

What are the 4 main types of mediums used?

Answer 27

Powder: allows deep work w/o slipping on the skin Creams: absorbed by the skin Oils: good for skin and subcutaneous tissues Soap and water: effective if skin is scaly, dry or dirty

Question 28

What are essential components of good therapeutic massage technique?

Answer 28

Pt comfort and PT good body mechanics PT w/relaxed hands, even rhythm @ correct rate of movement, and regulating pressure based on type of stroke, tissue and purpose of treatment

Question 29

Define centripetal

Answer 29

Toward the heart --> in the direction of venous and lymphatic flow

Question 30

Define centrifugal

Answer 30

Away from the heart --> in the direction of arterial flow

Question 31

Define cross frictions

Answer 31

At right angles to the tissue

Question 32

What is the general rule for rate and rhythm of the stroke

Answer 32

slow, gentle & rhythmic at 6-7 in per sec in the larger areas

Question 33

What technique is effleurage

Answer 33

Stroking manipulations

Question 34

What technique is petrissage

Answer 34

Pressure manipulations

Question 35

What technique is tapotement

Answer 35

Percussion manipulations

Question 36

What are some types of petrissage

Answer 36

Kneading, pick-up, wringing, skin rolling

Question 37

What are some types of tapotement

Answer 37

Hacking, clapping, beating, and pounding

Question 38

What is stroking

Answer 38

A movement performed w/entire palmar surface of one or both hands in any direction on the body, typically to begin a massage sequence, help patient relax, and give info to the therapist about the pts tissues.

Question 39

What is the stroke pattern?

Answer 39

Any direction with one or both hands

Question 40

Difference between superficial and deep stroking?

Answer 40

Superficial is light pressure but firm enough for Pt to be conscious of the movement whereas the deep stroking is deeper pressure that is very slow to stimulate circulation to the deeper muscles.

Question 41

What are the indications of stroking

Answer 41

``` Relieve or reduce effects of: pain muscle spasm superficial scar tissue flatulence, constipation, or abdominal discomfort insomnia ```

Question 42

Contraindications to stroking

Answer 42

A : large open areas, gross edema, cancer, infections, and lacerations U: Marked varicosities R: Hairy regions of the body or hyperesthisia (sensitive)

Question 43

What is effleurage

Answer 43

Slow, stroking movement performed with increasing P in the direction of flow in veins and lymph vessels with centripetal movements and a definite pause to help faciliate circulation and move the contents of the superficial veins and lymph

Question 44

What do you finish a massage sequence with?

Answer 44

Effleurage

Question 45

Basic technique of effleurage?

Answer 45

The use of the palms to move distal to proximal, in the direction of venous and lymphatic flow around 6-7 inches per second, pausing at the top and then resetting

Question 46

Effects of Effleurage

Answer 46

Blood and lymph moved towards heart, congestion in capillaries is relieved and arterioles dilated, relief of pain, and increased mobility of skin

Question 47

Indications of Effleurage

Answer 47

Chronic Edema, Chronic pain, chronic mm spasm, superficial scar tissue

Question 48

Contraindications of Effleurage

Answer 48

Same as for stroking (A : large open areas, gross edema, cancer, infections, and lacerations U: Marked varicosities R: Hairy regions of the body or hyperesthisia (sensitive)) plus chronic swelling in LE assoc w/congestive heart failure

Question 49

What is the purpose of kneading

Answer 49

Mechanical action to affect deep tissue and mobilize mm fibers to lengthen and glide

Question 50

What is the technique of kneading

Answer 50

Compression kneading is slow (3-4 sec per mvmt) with pressure applied in the first half of the circle followed by relaxation while progressing along the limb or trunk. It should be slow with significant pressure given to match the tissue type.

Question 51

What is squeeze kneading

Answer 51

Utilizing a lumbrical grip (finger pads for small mm), the tissue is pressed upward and lifted away from the underlying tissues, squeezed, and then allowed to relax.

Question 52

When do you use thumb pad kneading

Answer 52

Fusiform mm (wrist flexors or extensors, anterior tibial mm)

Question 53

What is reinforced kneading

Answer 53

A two hand technique where one hand is placed on top of the other to add pressure - useful for patients that are larger or muscular. Good for the lumbar region

Question 54

What is knuckle needing?

Answer 54

It is the use of a closed fist to achieve greater depth of pressure such as the sole of the foot

Question 55

What is Picking Up

Answer 55

Grasping and squeezing mm while also lifting them away from the underlying tissues along the long axis of a mm in order to mobilize a group of mm and facilitate normal joint and limb function

Question 56

What is the basic technique of picking up

Answer 56

Use a lumbrical grip w/deep and hard pressure to pick up the tissue around 1-3 seconds per cycle

Question 57

What is C-Kneading

Answer 57

It is a variation of Picking-up that involves bending the mm tissue into a "C"

Question 58

What is wringing

Answer 58

Lifting tissues with both hands and alternately compressing (deep stroke and pressure) to mobilize individual mm or groups of mm up and down the long axis of the mm.

Question 59

What are the primary effects of petrissage

Answer 59

``` Facilitate deep and superficial circulation Mobilize muscle contractures Mobilize scar tissue Help resolve chronic edema Relieve muscle pain and fatigue Promote relaxation ```