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UM - Soft Tissue Techniques > Exam 1 - MFR & Therapeutic Massage > Flashcards

Exam 1 - MFR & Therapeutic Massage Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Manual Therapy results are a combination of mechanical, physiological, and psychological components

A

True

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2
Q

What is fascia compoased of

A

Gel-like ground substance, collagen, and elastin

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3
Q

What is the function of the superficial layer of fascia

A

Allow mobility of skin, to insulate, and to store E for metabolic use

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4
Q

What is the function of the deep layer of fascia

A

To compartmentalize the body, fuse the periosteum of the bones, and to transmit forces of the attached muscles

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5
Q

What is the function of the subserous layer of fascia

A

Cover the internal organs and small circulatory channels and contains fluid to lubricate the surfaces of the internal orgaans

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6
Q

What layers of fascia do myofascial massage techniques address

A

The subcutaneous/superficial and the deep fascia layers

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7
Q

What is the general orientation of fascia

A

Vertically, but it is also multidirectional

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8
Q

What are the 4 major transverse plains of fascia

A

Pelvic diaphragm,
Respiratory diaphragm,
Thoracic inlet
Cranial base

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9
Q

Function of fascia

A

Support blood vessels and nerves,
Allow adjacent tissues to move on each other,
Lubrication between structures,
Makes periosteum stronger,
Surround muscles and connect muscle groups,
Assist in force transmission,
Can be the origin of acute and chronic problems

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10
Q

What is fascial contraction and what does it lead to

A

Repetitive or sustained positions/mvmts, trauma that cause strain/irritability on the myofascial system, leading to pain and limitations in motion as well as the possibility of increased guarding or tone

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11
Q

What is Myofascial Release

A

A specialized system of prolonged manual stretching of the fascial tissues of the body, to the point where there is a release of tension

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12
Q

Theoretical principles of MFR

A

Fascia has various functions to allow movement, and with injury it came become tight.

MFR is a manual technique that stretches restricted fascia to normalize mobility in immediate and surrounding areas

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13
Q

What is the goal of MFR

A

To reduce pain/irritability and improve tolerance for other approaches or movement

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14
Q

What are indications for MFR

A

Poor tolerance for more aggressive/active approaches
Highly irritable symptoms
Spasm/heightened muscle tone

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15
Q

What are contraindications for MFR

A 
Malignancy
Aneurysm
Acute RA
Systemic or local infections
osteomyelitis
Hematoma
Anticoagulant therapy/clotting disorder
Directly over open wounds
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16
Q

Precautions for MFR

A

open wounds
Healing fractures
hypersensitivity of the skin
osteoporosis or advanced degenerative changes

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17
Q

Direct vs indirect MFR

A

Direct is sustained pressure directly over the restricted tissues whereas indirect is a mild stretch held for a longer period of time, not usual seen in a PT technique

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18
Q

Direct MFR technique

A

apply pressure for 30-120 seconds, then slowly release and re-evaluate following

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19
Q

What is Skin Rolling

A

A MFR technique where the skin and subcutaneous tissues are mobilized to improve circulation in the area

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20
Q

What are arm and leg pulls

A

A MFR technique or a full body stretches that help release restriction sin the fascial web from head to toe

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21
Q

What are cross-handed stretches

A

A specific MFR technique that affect the skin and release of local lines of restrictions by a sustained pull

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22
Q

What are transverse plane releases

A

A specific MFR technique that works on restrictions in the pelvic floor, respiratory diaphragm, thoracic area, and sub-cranial

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23
Q

Define therapeutic massage

A

the use of a variety of mechanical techniques designed to:
** Promote functional independence in a person who has a specific health problem **
promote stress relief, mobilize various structures, relieve pain and swelling, and prevent deformity.

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24
Q

Define recreational massage

A

The use of a variety of manual techniques designed to relieve stress, promote relaxation and general wellness in a person who has no definable health problem.

25
Q

What are the benefits of touch?

A

Improve pts pain, attitude, confidence, etc

26
Q

What should you keep in mind when applying mediums?

A

Does the pt have an allergy?

Consider the goal, start with less, and be careful of cross-contamination

27
Q

What are the 4 main types of mediums used?

A

Powder: allows deep work w/o slipping on the skin
Creams: absorbed by the skin
Oils: good for skin and subcutaneous tissues
Soap and water: effective if skin is scaly, dry or dirty

28
Q

What are essential components of good therapeutic massage technique?

A

Pt comfort and PT good body mechanics
PT w/relaxed hands, even rhythm @ correct rate of movement, and regulating pressure based on type of stroke, tissue and purpose of treatment

29
Q

Define centripetal

A

Toward the heart –> in the direction of venous and lymphatic flow

30
Q

Define centrifugal

A

Away from the heart –> in the direction of arterial flow

31
Q

Define cross frictions

A

At right angles to the tissue

32
Q

What is the general rule for rate and rhythm of the stroke

A

slow, gentle & rhythmic at 6-7 in per sec in the larger areas

33
Q

What technique is effleurage

A

Stroking manipulations

34
Q

What technique is petrissage

A

Pressure manipulations

35
Q

What technique is tapotement

A

Percussion manipulations

36
Q

What are some types of petrissage

A

Kneading, pick-up, wringing, skin rolling

37
Q

What are some types of tapotement

A

Hacking, clapping, beating, and pounding

38
Q

What is stroking

A

A movement performed w/entire palmar surface of one or both hands in any direction on the body, typically to begin a massage sequence, help patient relax, and give info to the therapist about the pts tissues.

39
Q

What is the stroke pattern?

A

Any direction with one or both hands

40
Q

Difference between superficial and deep stroking?

A

Superficial is light pressure but firm enough for Pt to be conscious of the movement whereas the deep stroking is deeper pressure that is very slow to stimulate circulation to the deeper muscles.

41
Q

What are the indications of stroking

A 
Relieve or reduce effects of:
pain
muscle spasm
superficial scar tissue
flatulence, constipation, or abdominal discomfort
insomnia
42
Q

Contraindications to stroking

A

A : large open areas, gross edema, cancer, infections, and lacerations
U: Marked varicosities
R: Hairy regions of the body or hyperesthisia (sensitive)

43
Q

What is effleurage

A

Slow, stroking movement performed with increasing P in the direction of flow in veins and lymph vessels with centripetal movements and a definite pause to help faciliate circulation and move the contents of the superficial veins and lymph

44
Q

What do you finish a massage sequence with?

A

Effleurage

45
Q

Basic technique of effleurage?

A

The use of the palms to move distal to proximal, in the direction of venous and lymphatic flow around 6-7 inches per second, pausing at the top and then resetting

46
Q

Effects of Effleurage

A

Blood and lymph moved towards heart, congestion in capillaries is relieved and arterioles dilated, relief of pain, and increased mobility of skin

47
Q

Indications of Effleurage

A

Chronic Edema, Chronic pain, chronic mm spasm, superficial scar tissue

48
Q

Contraindications of Effleurage

A

Same as for stroking (A : large open areas, gross edema, cancer, infections, and lacerations
U: Marked varicosities
R: Hairy regions of the body or hyperesthisia (sensitive)) plus chronic swelling in LE assoc w/congestive heart failure

49
Q

What is the purpose of kneading

A

Mechanical action to affect deep tissue and mobilize mm fibers to lengthen and glide

50
Q

What is the technique of kneading

A

Compression kneading is slow (3-4 sec per mvmt) with pressure applied in the first half of the circle followed by relaxation while progressing along the limb or trunk. It should be slow with significant pressure given to match the tissue type.

51
Q

What is squeeze kneading

A

Utilizing a lumbrical grip (finger pads for small mm), the tissue is pressed upward and lifted away from the underlying tissues, squeezed, and then allowed to relax.

52
Q

When do you use thumb pad kneading

A

Fusiform mm (wrist flexors or extensors, anterior tibial mm)

53
Q

What is reinforced kneading

A

A two hand technique where one hand is placed on top of the other to add pressure - useful for patients that are larger or muscular. Good for the lumbar region

54
Q

What is knuckle needing?

A

It is the use of a closed fist to achieve greater depth of pressure such as the sole of the foot

55
Q

What is Picking Up

A

Grasping and squeezing mm while also lifting them away from the underlying tissues along the long axis of a mm in order to mobilize a group of mm and facilitate normal joint and limb function

56
Q

What is the basic technique of picking up

A

Use a lumbrical grip w/deep and hard pressure to pick up the tissue around 1-3 seconds per cycle

57
Q

What is C-Kneading

A

It is a variation of Picking-up that involves bending the mm tissue into a “C”

58
Q

What is wringing

A

Lifting tissues with both hands and alternately compressing (deep stroke and pressure) to mobilize individual mm or groups of mm up and down the long axis of the mm.

59
Q

What are the primary effects of petrissage

A 
Facilitate deep and superficial circulation
Mobilize muscle contractures
Mobilize scar tissue
Help resolve chronic edema
Relieve muscle pain and fatigue
Promote relaxation

UM - Soft Tissue Techniques (3 decks)

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