Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UM - Soft Tissue Techniques > Exam 2 - Sports massage, tapotement, triggerpoint release, and PNF > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Sports massage, tapotement, triggerpoint release, and PNF Flashcards

1
Q

What is a trigger point

A

A hyperirritable point w/taught band of skeletal muscle or associated fascia that is painful on compression and evokes a characteristic referred pain pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 criteria for identification of a trigger point

A
  • Hyperirritable point/spot
  • palpable taught band w/subject recognition of pain
  • Referred pain/numbness on compression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an active trigger point

A

There is pain at rest and symptoms increase w/palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a latent trigger point

A

No pain at rest (clinically silent) and pain and referred symptoms occur w/palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a satellite trigger point

A

It is a secondary trigger point that develops in the same mm or a nearby mm as the primary active trigger point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List some causes of trigger points

A
  • MM ischemia and hypoxia resulting from mm overuse
  • MM spindle dysfunction due to underlying neural hypersensitivity
  • Emotional stress, visceral disease, arthritic joints
  • Ischemia and hypoxia !
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a trigger point release

A

Release of primary trigger point that not only eliminates that trigger point, but also eliminates the secondary and satellite ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the trigger point release techniques

A
  • Ischemic compression
  • Ischemic Compression w/elongation
  • Strain-counterstrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Steps of Ischemic Compression (IC)

A
  1. Find trigger point
  2. Maintain pressure until pain/discomfort decreased by 50 %
  3. Increase pressure again and holdup to 90 seconds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Steps of Ischemic Compression w/elongation

A

1) Find the trigger point
2. Maintain pressure until pain/discomfort decreased by 50 %
3) Keep same Pressure & passively elongate the mm slowly until pain increases
4) Wait until the pain/discomfort is decreased by 50%

  • Repeat this process until there is no more change in pain level or no more change in length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Steps of Strain-Counterstain

A

1) Find the trigger point
2) Passively position the body part/mm into a position of ease or comfort while monitoring the trigger point (SHORTEN IN 3 PLANES)
3) Maintain the shortened position for 90-120 seconds
4) During the time, reduce P but keep finger in the same spot
5) slowly return pt to original position and reassess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the expected responses of TPR

A

Good pain during, less tenderness after, and improvements in perceived stiffness afterwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the Dos and Don’ts of trigger points

A

Do:

  • Know TP vs something else
  • Know when to back off/give up

Don’t

  • get too caught up at the expense of other impairments
  • flare a pt up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is dry needling

A

A monofilament needle ussed to penetrate the skin subcutaneous tissue, and mm w/intent to mechanically disrupt tissue w/o use of medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does dry needling lead to

A
  • reduced local and central sensitization to pain

- Increased pain pressure threshold, ROM, and reduced pain and mm tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: MPTA has lots of data on dry needling

A

FALSE - they have none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the intention of a deep friction massage?

A
  • mobilize scar tissue
  • normalize alignment of collagen
  • produce acute inflammation in the presence of chronic inflammation
  • facilitate healing
  • stimulate the mechanoreceptors to modulate pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is deep friction massage (GOAL)

A

To stimulate optimal fibroblast proliferation and recruitment of inflammatory cells as well as to allow response, recommended on alt. days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are contraindications to deep friction massage?

A
  • open wounds
  • infection
  • cancer
  • edema
  • arterial or venous pathology
  • acute injury
  • areas of hyperesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 types of deep friction massage?

A

Transverse - short deep strokes perpendicular across the fibers of the target tissue

Circular friction - deep circular movements performed on the same spot, gradually getting deeper into the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the frequency and duration for deep friction massage

A

2-10 minutes, 2-3 x a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Protocol for transverse friction massage

A

Apply @ right angle to long axis of the fibers w/structures placed on full stretch

Delivered via index finger reinforced by middle finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Protocol for circular Frictions

A

Tips of index, middle & ring finger to form tripod, w/pressure applied obliquely into the tissues before beginning the movement and then very small circles
P released gradually and fingers lifted and moved to an adjacent area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is circular friction massage commonly performed

A

Along the paraspinal mm or areas around bony landmarks and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is tapotement

A

Percussive manipulations consisting of various parts of the hand striking the tissues at a fairly rapid rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

List the types of tapotement

A

Clapping/cupping
Beating
Hacking
Pounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the primary effects of tapotement

A
  • Stimulation of mechanoreceptors
  • Stimulation of the circulation of blood and lymph
  • Loosening of mucus in the lungs
  • Pian relief as a result of pain gating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the contraindications of tapotement

A

A:

  • Large open areas
  • Cancer
  • Infection
  • Presence of rib fx if in chest area
  • Over thorax if Pt has acute heart failure, severe HTN, or pulmonary embolism
  • Arterial or venous pathology
  • Acute mmm tears

U:

  • varicosities in the areas to be treated
  • LE chronic swelling due to congestive heart failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Clapping

A

Tapotement w/cupped hands strike the skin surface rapidly, catching air and compressing it causing a vibration weave to penetrate into the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What happens when clapping is performed over the ribs

A

It will loosen the secretions of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the position of the hand for clapping

A

Flexion of MCPs and extension of PIPS and DIPs - closed but relaxed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Beating

A

Tapotement w/a closed hand w/loosely flexed fingers and striking made with the heel of the hand and dorsal aspect of the Middle and Distal phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is hacking

A

A type of tapotement that uses the lateral edges of the hand to strike at right angles to the long axis of the mm being treated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is pounding

A

a type of tapotement that uses the ulnar borders of loosely clenched and extended fists that penetrates deeper than hacking or clapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are some other types of tapotement (not the main 4)

A

Vibration
Shaking
Rocking

36
Q

What are the positive effects of sports massage

A
  • Improve circulation
  • Decrease edema/inflammation
  • Promoted relaxation and decreased arousal
  • Decreased stress and competitive anxiety
  • Enhanced mental recovery
  • Decreased/managed pain
  • Decreased DOMs
  • Increased ROM
  • Decreased adhesions
  • Increased tissue extensibility
37
Q

Sports massage before competition

A

More seasoned athletes will use it w/timing critical to goal of treatment

38
Q

Sports massage between competitions

A

(First should hygiene and consume carbohydrates and liquids) Used as a recovery for subsequent performances and promotes lactate mobilization from the bloodstream, giving a quick flush

39
Q

Sports massage after competitions

A

Used for recovery to

  • decrease cramping
  • move fluids
  • maintain flexibility
  • promotes blood flow to the mm to remove lactic acid and waste
40
Q

Define PNF

A

A method of promoting or hastening the response of neuromuscular mechanism by stimulation of the proprioceptors

41
Q

Define proprioceptive

A

Receiving stimulation w/in the tissues of the body

42
Q

Define facilitation

A

To promote or hasten a process to make it easier

43
Q

What 3 people are responsible for the development of PNF and approx when was this

A

Dr. Herman Kabat
Margaret Knott, PT
Dorothy Voss
1940s

44
Q

What is the philosophy of pnf

A
  • humans respond to demand
  • existing potential can be developed more fully
  • mvmt must be specific, functional, and goal oriented
  • activity is needed
  • stronger body parts strengthen weaker body parts
45
Q

What grip should be used for PNF

A

Lumbrical grip w/stable, pain free contract b/t Pt and PT that facilitates the appropriate contraction

46
Q

What is the PT body position

A

At either end of the desired movement, in line with the direction of the movement w/resistance coming from whole body

47
Q

What is optimal resistance

A

The amount of resistance that allows a smooth, coordinated movement through the entire ROM

48
Q

What is an isometric contraction

A

Static contraction i which minimal or no joint motion occurs

49
Q

When is a good time to utilize isometric contractions vs isotonic?

A

In acute phases

50
Q

What is an isotonic contractoin

A

Contraction w/intention of movement - concentric or eccentric

51
Q

What is irridation

A

The predictable spreading of mm contraction to weaker mm groups in the trunk or extremity when a demand is placed on stronger groups

52
Q

What is approximation

A

The compression of a segment to increase muscular response and promote stability

53
Q

What is approximation used for

A

To promote stabilization, WB and contraction of antigravity mm, facilitate upright mm, resist some component of movement

54
Q

What is traction

A

Elongation of a segment to increase muscular response and promote movement or enhance stabilization

55
Q

What is traction used for

A

1 . facilitate motion (esp antigravity)

  1. Aids in elongation of mm tissue when using the stretch reflex
    3) Resist some part of the motin
    4) Traction of an affected part if helpful when treating pt w/jt pain
56
Q

What is the general rule w/approximation and traction?

A

Use traction w/anti-gravity movement and facilitate movement approximation w/gravity assisted movement

57
Q

What is quick stretch good for?

A

To help initiate a movement to allow quicker and stronger mm responses

58
Q

What should your commands be like for PNF?

A

Short and precise w/appropriate volume for Pt situation

59
Q

How do adults typically move?

A

Distal to proximal

60
Q

How can vision be used w/PNF

A

1) learn activities
2) ID the position in space and direction of motion
3) Increasing ROM

61
Q

What are the components of UE D2 flexion

A 
Scapular: Posterior elevation
Shoulder: Flex, ABD, ER
Forearm: supination
Wrist: radial extension
Fingers: Ext, abd
62
Q

What are the components of UE D2 extension

A 
Scapular: Anterior depressoin
Shoulder: Ext, ADD, IR
Forearm: pronation
Wrist: ulnar flexion
Fingers: Flex, add
63
Q

What are the components of UE D1 flexion

A 
Scapular: Anterior elevation
Shoulder: Flexion, ADD, ER
Forearm: supination
Wrist: radial flexion
Fingers: flex, add
64
Q

What are the components of UE D1 extension

A 
Scapular: Posterior depression
Shoulder: EXT, ABD, IR
Forearm: pronation
Wrist: ulnar extension
Fingers: Ext, abd
65
Q

What are the components of LE D1 flexion

A

Hip: Flex, ADD, ER
Ankle: DF, Inv
Toes: Ext

66
Q

What are the components of LE D1 extension

A

Hip: EXT, ABD, IR
Ankle: PF, ev
Toes: flexion

67
Q

Technique: Rhythmic Initiation

A

Rhythmic motion of limb or body through desired range, starting w/passive motion and progressing to active resisted motion

68
Q

Technique:

Combination of isotonics

A

Combined concentric, eccentric, and stabilizing contractions of one group of mm w/o relaxation

69
Q

Technique:

Isotonic Reversal / Slow Reversal

A

Active motion changing from one direction to the opposite w/o pause or relaxation

70
Q

Technique:

Rhythmic Stabilization

A

Alternating isometric contractions opposed by enough resistance to prevent motion

71
Q

Technique:

Contract Relax

A

Resisted isotonic contraction of the restricting mm (antagonists) followed by relaxation and movement into the increased range

72
Q

Technique:

Hold Relax

A

Resisted isometric contractions of the antagonistic mm (shortened) followed by relaxation

73
Q

Technique:

Quick Stretch

A

Stretch reflex elicited from mm under the tension of elongation

74
Q

Purpose:

Rhythmic Initiation

A

Improve Pt awareness of mvmt and assist them in initiation of movement

75
Q

Purpose:

Combination of Isotonics

A

Teach new pattern, improve ecc contraction, improve coordination during changing of contractions

76
Q

Purpose:

Isotonic/Slow Reversal

A

Teach reversal of direction, improve strength and ROM, improve coordination

77
Q

Purpose:

Rhythmic Stabilization

A

Develop co-contraction and increase stability, decrease pain, increase strength and endurance

78
Q

Purpose:

Contract Relax

A

Increase PROM when no pain is present

79
Q

Purpose:

Hold Relax

A

Relax of spasm accompanied by pain, decrease pain

80
Q

Purpose:

Quick stretch

A

Aid in learning, speed up mvmt, delay fatigue

81
Q

Application:

Rhythmic Initation

A

Passive, Active, then resistive movement w/Pt only performing desired movement

82
Q

Application:

Combination of Isotonics

A

Start where you want Pt to end and have Pt hold, eccentrically move them back into pattern, then concentrically pull into starting position

83
Q

Application:

Isotonic/Slow Reversal

A

Start in direction of mvmt, have Pt pull up, then push across w/resistance slowly increasing

84
Q

Application:

Rhythmic Stabilization

A

Command is hold/stay there
Resistance slowly builds
Can apply approx or traction

85
Q

Application:

Contract Relax

A

Passively move to point of tightness, have Pt hold for 5-8 seconds to ANTAGONIS w/some movementT, relax and move to new point of tightness

86
Q

Application:

Hold Relax

A

Passively move to point of tightness, have Pt hold for ANTAGONIST, then move to new point of tightness

87
Q

Application:

Quick Stretch

A

Start in full lengthened position, short and quick stretch given to al movements, then have “and pull/push” w/resistance to elicit contraction

UM - Soft Tissue Techniques (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions