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Soc_101 > Exam 3 Flashcards > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sexism

A

The production of unjust outcomes for people perceived to be biologically female

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2
Q

Androcentrism

A

The production of unjust outcomes for people who perform femininity

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3
Q

Stalled Revolution

A

A sweeping change in gender relations that got started but has yet to be fully realized

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4
Q

Time-use Diaries

A

A research method where participants are asked to self-report their activities at regular intervals throughout the day

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5
Q

Patriarchal Relations

A

Relations which empower men at the expense of women

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6
Q

Patriarch/Property Marriage

A

A model of marriage in which women and children are owned by men

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7
Q

Breadwinner/Homemaker Marriage

A

A model of marriage that involves a wage-earning spouse supporting a stay-at-home spouse and children

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8
Q

Family Wage

A

An income, paid to a man, that is large enough to support a non-working wife and children

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9
Q

Ideology of Separate Spheres

A

The idea that home is a feminine space best tended y women and work is a masculine space best suited to men

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10
Q

Heteronormatic

A

Promoting heterosexuality as the only or preferred sexual identity, making other sexual desires invisible or casting them as inferior

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11
Q

Mononormatic

A

Promoting monogamy, or the requirement that spouses only have sexual relations with each other

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12
Q

Pro-Natal

A

promoting childbearing and stigmatizing choosing to go child-free

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13
Q

Partnership Unions

A

A relationship model based on love and companionship between equals

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14
Q

Subordinated Masculinities

A

Men seen as lesser based on the androcentric logic that masculine is better than feminine

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15
Q

Marginalized Masculinity

A

Men who are perceived as sufficiently masculine, but are considered lesser by virtue of another social identity

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16
Q

Hegemonic Masculinity

A

Form of masculinity that constitutes the most widely and rewarded kind of person in any given culture

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17
Q

Second Shift

A

Unpaid work of housekeeping and childcare that faces family members once they return home from their paid jobs

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18
Q

Ideal Worker Norm

A

The idea that an employee should devote themselves to their jobs wholly and without the distraction of family responsibilities

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19
Q

Shared Division of Labor

A

Both partners do an equal share of paid and unpaid work

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20
Q

Specialized Division of Labor

A

One partner does more paid work than childcare and the other does the inverse

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21
Q

Ideology of Intensive Motherhood

A

The idea that children require concentrated maternal investment

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22
Q

Feminization of Poverty

A

Those who perform femininity are at the bottom of the income scale and vice-versa

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23
Q

Glass Escalator

A

Invisible ride to the top offered to men in female dominated positions

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24
Q

Job Segregation

A

The sorting of people with different social identities into different occupations

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25
Q

Androcentric Pay Scale

A

Positive correlation between the number of men in an occupation relative to women and the wages paid to employees

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26
Q

Care Work

A

Work that involves face-to-face caretaking of the physical, emotional, and educational needs of others

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27
Q

Male Flight

A

Phenomenon in which men start abandoning an activity when women start adopting it

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28
Q

Freedom/Power Paradox

A

Situation whereby women have more freedom than men but less power, and men have more power than women but less freedom

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29
Q

Domestic Outsourcing

A

Paying non-family members to do family-related tasks

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30
Q

Global Care Chains

A

Series of nurturing relationships in which the international work of care is displaced onto increasingly disadvantaged paid or unpaid workers

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31
Q

Cultural Capital

A

Symbolic resources that communicate ones social status

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32
Q

Social Closure

A

Process by which advantaged groups preserve opportunities for themselves while restricting them for others

33
Q

Ethnography

A

Research method that involves careful observation of regularly occurring social action, often as a participant

34
Q

Hegemonic Ideologies

A

Shared ideas about how human life should be organized that are used to manufacture our consent, or convince us to accept the status quo

35
Q

Social Reproduction

A

A process in which society maintains an enduring character from generation to generation

36
Q

Social Inequality Aversion

A

Emotional discomfort from witnessing or experiencing an unfair outcome

37
Q

Power Elite

A

Relatively small group of interconnected people who occupy top positions in important social institutions

38
Q

Pluralist theory of Power

A

The idea that U.S. politics is characterized by competing groups that work together to achieve their goals

39
Q

Elite Theory of Power

A

The idea that a small group of networked individuals controls the most powerful positions in social institutions

40
Q

Social Capital

A

The number of people we know and the resources they can offer us

41
Q

Objectified Cultural Capital

A

Material things

42
Q

Institutional Cultural Capital

A

Organizational endorsements

43
Q

Embodied Cultural Capital

A

The body and its capacities

44
Q

Cultural Hegemony

A

Power maintained primarily by persuasion

45
Q

Individualism

A

The idea that people are independent actors responsible primarily for themselves

46
Q

Collectivism

A

The idea that people are interdependent actors with responsibilities primarily to the group

47
Q

Xenophobia

A

Prejudice against people defined as foreign

48
Q

Interdependent Power

A

When enough of us stop participating in social interaction/institutions, we have a substantial amount of influence over the elites

49
Q

Social Movements

A

Persistent and organized collective action meant to promote or oppose social change

50
Q

Insurgent Consciousness

A

The recognition of a shared grievance that can be addressed through collective action

51
Q

Organizational Strength

A

A combination of strong leadership, human and material resources, social networks, and physical infrastructure

52
Q

Standing

A

Authority for an individual to speak on their topic

53
Q

Frames

A

Succinct claims as to the nature of a social fact

54
Q

Social Change

A

Shifts in our shared ideas, interactions, and institutions

55
Q

Collective Action

A

The challenge of getting large groups of people to act in coordinated ways

56
Q

Political Networks

A

Webs of ties that link people with similar political goals

57
Q

Countermovements

A

Persistent, organized collective action meant to resist social movements

58
Q

Counterframes

A

Frames meant to challenge an existing social movements frame

59
Q

Framing Wars

A

Battles over whether a social fact is a social problem and what kind of problem it is

60
Q

Political Opportunity Structure

A

The strengths and weaknesses in the existing political system that shape the options available to social movement actors

61
Q

Cultural Opportunity Structure

A

Cultural ideas, objects, practices, or bodies that create or constrain activist strategies

62
Q

Critical Events

A

A sudden and dramatic occurrence that motivates non-activists to become politically active

63
Q

Economic Opportunity Structure

A

The role of many in enabling or limiting a movements operations and influence

64
Q

Interest Convergence

A

The alignment of the interests of activists and elites

65
Q

Globalization

A

The expansion and intensification of that interconnectedness across nation-states

66
Q

Cultural Hybridization

A

The production of ideas, objects, practices, and bodies influenced by two or more cultures

67
Q

Transnational Organizations

A

Companies that cross-borders, governments that make alliances, and activists who organize across countries (can be non-governmental or governmental)

68
Q

Global Commodity Chains

A

A transnational economic process that involves extracting natural resources, transforming them into goods, and marketing and distributing them to consumers

69
Q

Global Power Elite

A

A relatively small group of interconnected people who occupy top positions in globally important social institutions

70
Q

Global Inequality

A

Relatively stable system of world social stratification characterized by a mix of poor, rich, and middle income countries

71
Q

Transnational Social Movements

A

Social movements that coordinate activism across more than one country

72
Q

Colonialism

A

Practice in which countries gain control over territories, the people and natural resources within them, and exploit them for economic gain

73
Q

Global Cities

A

Urban areas that act as key hubs in the world economy

74
Q

Nation-State System

A

A world society consisting of only sovereign, self-contained territories

75
Q

World-System

A

A global market organized by a capitalist economy

76
Q

Global Slave Trade

A

The practice of kidnapping human beings, transporting them around the world, and selling them for profit

77
Q

Global Imagined Community

A

A socially constructed in-group based on a shared planet

78
Q

Risk Society

A

A society organized around the self-conscious production, distribution, and management of risk

Soc_101 (3 decks)

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