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Soc_101 > Exam 1 Flashcards > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who described the dual thinking by differentiating between the “I” and “me”?

A

George Herbert Mead

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2
Q

“Me”

A

Object of thought

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3
Q

“I”

A

Subject of thought

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4
Q

Theory of Mind

A

The recognition that other minds exist, followed by the realization that we can try and imagine others mental states

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5
Q

Mirroring Neurons

A

Cells in the brain that fire in identical ways if we are observing or performing an action (don’t differentiate between the self and others)

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6
Q

Self-concept

A

Understanding of who we are based on personality traits, physical characteristics, ancestry, etc. (Charles Holton Cooley)

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7
Q

Looking Glass Self

A

Self that emerges as a result of seeing ourselves as we think others see us. EX: Parents impress self image onto children

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8
Q

Research Subject

A

Person who agrees to take part in a research project

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9
Q

Social Psychology

A

Study of the interface between the individual and society

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10
Q

Generalized Others

A

Imagined members of specific social groups (incorporate these others into our looking glass self)

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11
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Phenomenon in which what people believes is true becomes true even if it wasn’t

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12
Q

Self-narrative

A

Our reality (not a “true” story–we don’t perfectly remember every single interaction we have ever had)

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13
Q

Culture

A

Entire way of life for a group of people

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14
Q

Socialization

A

The lifelong learning process by which we become members of our cultures

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15
Q

Culturally competent

A

Ability to understand and navigate our cultures with ease

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16
Q

Social construct

A

An influential and shared interpretation of reality that will vary across time and space

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17
Q

Social construction

A

The process by which we layer objects with ideas, fold concepts into one another, and build connections between them

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18
Q

Signifiers

A

Things that stand for other things (EX: Louis Vuitton Logo = Wealthy)

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19
Q

Categories

A

Subsets of things we believe are sufficiently similar to one another to be considered the same (EX: Vegetables)

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20
Q

Binaries

A

Categories we see as opposite or otherwise in opposition (Love & Hate)

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21
Q

Sequences

A

Ideas arranged into a specific chronological order (Born, Live, Die)

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22
Q

Associations

A

Ideas that have nothing special in common except that they are connected by a third idea (Rain & Flowers = Spring)

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23
Q

Hierarchies

A

Ideas placed into ranked relationships (Bachelors, Masters, PhD)

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24
Q

Symbolic Structure

A

A constellation of social constructs connected and opposed to one another in overlapping networks of meaning (American Culture = English, Flags, Burgers)

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25
Q

Cultural objects

A

Natural items given symbolic meaning (Stop sign)

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26
Q

Cultural Cognitions

A

Shared ideas and values (Red means stop)

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27
Q

Cultural Practices

A

Habits or routines that people frequently perform (Stopping at a stop sign)

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28
Q

Cultural Bodies

A

Culturally influenced capacities that include physiological responses (moving foot to brake at stop sign)

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29
Q

Social learning

A

The transmission of knowledge and practices from one individual to another

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30
Q

Cultural Beliefs

A

Ideas about what is true and false

31
Q

Cultural Values

A

Notions as to what is right and wrong

32
Q

Cultural Norms

A

Shared expectations for behavior

33
Q

Resocialization

A

The unlearning of old beliefs in favor new ones (converting religions)

34
Q

Interpersonal socialization

A

Efforts of others to help us become culturally competent

35
Q

Subcultures

A

Subgroups within society that have distinct cultural ideas, objects, practices, and boddies (Hobbies/Activities)

36
Q

Self-Socialization

A

Active efforts we make to ensure we’re competent members of our cultures

37
Q

Social ties

A

The connections between us and other people

38
Q

Social Networks

A

Webs of ties that link us to each other and the other people

39
Q

Homophily

A

Our tendency to connect with others who are similar to us

40
Q

Media Socialization

A

Includes all cultural competence we gain through our exposure to media

41
Q

Culture as a value thesis

A

The idea that we’re socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide feelings about what is right and wrong

42
Q

Culture as rationale thesis

A

The idea that we are socialized into culturally specific arguments with which we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong

43
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

A set of values and behaviors that we are indirectly taught in school

44
Q

Distinction

A

Active efforts to affirm identity categories and place ourselves and others into their subcategories

45
Q

Positive Distinction

A

The claim that members in your own group are superior to members in other groups

46
Q

In group bias

A

Preferential treatment of members of our own group, and mistreatment of others

47
Q

Minimal group paradigm

A

The tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons (Tajfel)

48
Q

Social Identity theory

A

People are inclined to form social groups and incorporate membership into their identities

49
Q

Psychological Wage

A

A noneconomic good given to one group as a measure of superiority over other groups (W.E.B Du Bois)

50
Q

One Drop Rule

A

Anyone with any trace of Black ancestry should be considered black

51
Q

Blood Quantum Rule

A

A law limiting legal recognition of American Indians to those who have at least a certain level of documented indigenous activity

52
Q

Ethnicity

A

Identity based on collective measures of a shared history and distinctive culture

53
Q

Doing Identity

A

the active performance of social identities

54
Q

Conspicuous Consumption

A

Spending elaborately on gods/services with sole purpose of displaying ones wealth (Thorstein Veblen)

55
Q

Status Elite

A

People who carry many positively regarded social identities

56
Q

Intersectionality

A

Recognition that our lives are shaped by multiple interacting identities

57
Q

Social Interaction

A

Moments we share with other people

58
Q

Social Rules

A

Culturally specific norms, policies, and laws that guide our behavior

59
Q

Folkways

A

Loosely enforced social norms

60
Q

Mores

A

Tightly enforced norms that carry moral significance

61
Q

Taboos

A

Social prohibitions so strong that the thought of violating them can be sickening

62
Q

Social Sanctions

A

Reactions by others aimed at promoting conformity

63
Q

Account

A

An excuse that explains our rule breaking but also affirms that the rule is good and right

64
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

The theory that social interaction depends on the social construction of reality

65
Q

Dramaturgy

A

The practice of looking at social life as a series of performances in which we’re actors on a metaphorical stage

66
Q

Impression Management

A

Efforts to control how we’re perceived by others

67
Q

Face

A

A version of ourselves that we want to project in a specific way

68
Q

Front Stage

A

A public space in which we are aware of having an audience

69
Q

Back Stage

A

Private or Semi private spaces in which we can relax or rehearse

70
Q

Interpersonal Discrimination

A

Prejudicial behavior displayed by individuals

71
Q

Field Experiment

A

A type of experiment that involves a test of a hypothesis outside the laboratory

72
Q

Enthnomethodology

A

Research aimed at revealing the underlying shared logic that is the foundation of social interactions

73
Q

Breaching

A

Purposefully breaking a social rule in order to test how others respond

Soc_101 (3 decks)

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