Exam 3 - Contraception & Family Planning Flashcards
What % of pregnancies in the US are unplanned?
50%
What % of unplanned pregnancies end in termination?
50%
What % of unintended pregnancies occur in women who do not use contraception?
40%
Use: when the method is used correctly and consistently as directed
“Perfect use”
Use: how effective the method is during actual use
“Typical use”
Most effective reversible methods of birth control
IUDs and contraceptive implants (
Coitus Interruptus & Postcoital Douche are what types BC methods
“Folk” (CI = pulling out)
A vaginal diaphragm is ineffective w/o the use of what?
spermicide
A vaginal diaphragm should be left in place how many hours after intercourse?
6-24 hours
T/F A woman who has had drastic weight changes while using a diaphragm may need to have it repositioned or re-fit?
TRUE… weight changes can certainly shift the position of the vaginal diaphragm
2 major side effects of vaginal diaphragm use
vaginal wall irritation
Increased risk of UTIs
A small, cuplike, diaphragm placed over the cervix; held in place by suction
Cervical cap
a cervical cap should be left in place for how many hours after intercourse?
8-48 hours
MC cause of cervical cap failure
Dislodgement
male condom failure rate
10-30%
Latex or Natural condoms help prevent against HIV and other STDs
Latex
typical use failure rate of female condom
21%
name of agent used for spermicides
Nonoxynol 9
typical use failure rate of spermicides
28%
do spermicides protect against STIs?
NO
term describing days of menstrual cycle where female is infertile
Periodic Abstinence
predicts ovulation by a mathematical formula based on the menstrual pattern recorded over a period of several months
Calendar Method (least accurate of all methods) - requires a regular cycle
Calendar Method is based on the knowledge that the LUTEAL phase is relatively constant at how many days
14 days
Fertile interval should be assumed to extend from how many days before/after ovulation
2/2 days
The Temperature Method (Basal Body Temp - BBT) is recorded when?
upon awakening in the AM - BEFORE any physical activity
a slight drop in temperature occurs how long after ovulation
24-36 hours (1-1.5 days)
BBT method: what day is considered to be the end of the fertile period
third day
The Billings Method monitors what?
cervical mucus - becomes thing and watery several days before and just after ovulation
no note of secretions spanning two-days to determine “pregnancy is not likely”
TwoDay Method
Which method of ovulation tracking uses colored beads?
Standard Days Method
in accordance with the Standard Days Method, avoid unprotected intercourse between which days
8-19
Which method: exclusive breastfeeding = amenorrhea and anovulation
Lactational Amenorrhea
When using lactation as a form of BC, what are the 2 requirements?
Mother most provide breastfeeding as ONLY form of infant nutrition
Amenorrhea must be maintained
How effective is LAM
if mother is separated from baby by more than a few hours, she cannot expect a high level of contraceptive protection
Copper T IUD… aka
“Paraguard”
how long can the copper T IUD stay in the uterus?
~ 10 years
Levonorgestrel IUD (LNG IUD)… aka
“Mirena” or “Skyla”
LNG IUD releases a small amount of what?
progestin
How long can LNG IUD stay in the uterus?
~ 5 years
IUD is recommended for who?
mutually monogamous couples with low STI risks
How does Copper T IUD (“paraguard”) work?
mechanism unknown
Thought to have spermicidal activity
Copper T IUD (“Paraguard”) - risks
Ectopic pregnancies
spontaneous abortions
uterine perforation
expulsion
LVG IUD (“Mirena”) - mechanism of action
Thickens cervical mucus to impede ascent of sperm
LVG IUD (“Mirena”) - risks
exact same as Copper T IUD ectopic preg. spontaneous abortions uterine perforation expulsion
What % of women have a decreased menstrual flow after the first few months of LVG IUD use?
70%
On an A/P pelvic view, an IUD contraceptive should be relatively what position?
relatively midline
MC reason of failure of use of Oral Hormonal Contraceptive “the pill”
not taking it the same time each day
combined oral contraceptive not recommended for women over what age who smoke, and have a hx of blood clots/breast CA
> 35 years
aka the “mini pill”
progestin pill only - good option for women who can’t take extrogen
Oral contraceptives lead to an INCREASED risk for which types of CA and tumors?
breast CA
cervical CA
liver tumors
Oral contraceptives lead to a DECREASED risk of which 2 CAs?
ovarian
endometrial
Hormonal Contraceptives: Disadvantages
Thromboembolic disease
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Cervical CA
Hormonal Contraceptives: Side Effects
intermenstrual bleeding
nausea
headaches and weight gain
Can a Copper T IUD be used as “emergency contraception”?
Yes… w/in 5 days of unprotected sex
Transcervical Sterilization… aka
“Essure” - thin tube inserted into fallopian tubes, causing them to scar, permanently blocking tubes - can take up to 3 months
which type of vasectomy minimizes the risk of “post-vasectomy pain syndrome”?
Open-Ended Vasectomy - testicular end of the vas deferens is left open - abdominal end covered
