Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KNES 2140- Psychological Perspectives > Exam 3 Content > Flashcards

Exam 3 Content Flashcards

1
Q

5 concepts a group must share

A
  1. common fate
  2. mutual benefit
  3. social structure
  4. group processes
  5. self-catergorization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

group cohesion

A

tendency for group to remain united in goals or to satisfy members’ affective needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 characteristics of group cohesion

A
  1. dynamic- not stable over time
  2. instrumental- purpose
  3. multidimensional- many factors cause commitment
  4. affective- positive emotions/bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Group integration

A

feelings about group & perceptions of closeness, similarity, & unity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

social cohesion

A

goal to develop/maintain social relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

task cohesion

A

willingness to work together to achieve goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 phases of linear model of cohesion

A
  1. forming- strengths/weaknesses assessed (bonds start)
  2. storming- managing conflict & establishing roles (tension starts)
  3. norming- conflict management working & roles are made (cohesion)
  4. performing- members work together to achieve goals (productivity)
  5. adjourning- task completed, group identity fades
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 factors of group cohesion

A
  1. environmental -contracts, geographical factors
  2. leadership- behavior & decision styes
    3- personal- individual adherence/social loafing
  3. team- success ( > performance = higher cohesion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 positive outcomes of cohesion

A

adherence
team satisfaction
social support
group stability
performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 barriers of cohesion

A

clashing personalities
communication breakdown
power struggles
member turnover rate
goal disagreements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 ways to build cohesion as a leader

A
  1. treat all equally
  2. encourage unity (shared identity, avoid cliques)
  3. create team building
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

leadership & 2 approaches

A

influencing a group to achieve a common goal (personality or situational/contextual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 outcomes of leadership

A
  1. > performance
  2. > social skills
  3. > motor skills
  4. > group functioning
  5. exercise adoption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

personality approach to leadership

A

leader styles represent stable leader traits (more similar the personalities the > the relationships)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

situational/contextual approach to leadership

A

behaviors that may fluctuate (full range leadership approach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 parts of full range leadership approach

A

1- Laissez faire
2- transactional
3- transformational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

laissez fair leadership

A

leaders avoid making decisions (absence of leadership)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transactional leadership (3 parts)

A

exchange relationship
1. passive management by exception- leaders wait to correct problems
2. active management by exception- leaders monitor goals and correct problems as they arise (prevention)
3. contingent reward- rewards for success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

transformational leadership (4 parts)

A

inspiring others to commit/giving confidence to succeed (BEST OUTCOMES!)
1. idealized influence- modelling teamwork + showing humility
2. inspirational motivation- encouragement and optimism
3. intellectual stimulation- sharing decision making/problem solving
4. individualized consideration- empathy + supporting needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 types of aging

A
  1. chronological age- years of life
  2. biological age- based on body’s condition (genetics <50% & lifestyle >80%)
  3. psychological age- how one acts/feels
  4. social age- habits relative to society (when should you get married?)
  5. functional age- abilities based on standard of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gerontology

A

social, cultural, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging

22
Q

primary aging

A

aging related to passage of time (biological/genetic components)

23
Q

secondary aging

A

declines related to disease/poor lifestyles

24
Q

masters athlete (3 qualitites)

A

Age- 35+
Registration- league/event/games
Competitive- rules & scores, training to compete

25
Q

adult exercisers

A

active adults who aren’t registered in competitive organization

26
Q

start of masters sport

A

1960’s- David Pain did the Master’s Mile, first masters track meet was 1968

27
Q

World Masters Games

A

every 4 years, people placed according to ace & skill level
(first in Toronto 1985

28
Q

elderly population rates in canada (now and 2050)

A

60+ is 22% of pop, in 2050 will be >30%

29
Q

percent of healthcare spending by elderly

A

45% (the older they get the more services & $ they use)

30
Q

PST & 2 objectives

A

psychological skills training that requires patience, practice and persistence
1. enhance performance
2. increase enjoyment

31
Q

5 types of psychological skills (most-least researched)

A
  1. goal setting
  2. imagery
  3. arousal regulation
  4. self talk
  5. attention control
32
Q

goal & goal setting

A

goal- desired outcome of conscious efforts
goal setting- making objectives for actions

33
Q

3 types of goals

A
  1. outcome goals: focus = results, dependent on athlete’s & others’ performance
  2. performance goals: focus = improving, dependent only on athlete’s performance
  3. process goals: focus = actions/behaviors that improve chances of reaching goals, dependent on athlete’s execution (most effective)
34
Q

SMART goals

A

specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timely

35
Q

4 common issues when goal setting

A
  1. too many goals
  2. too vague
  3. failure to adjust goals
  4. failure to evaluate
36
Q

Imagery

A

using senses to create realistic images/experiences in conscious mind, can be improved

37
Q

5 major senses used in imagery (& examples)

A

visual- the ball
auditory- the crowd cheering
kinesthetic- (internal) pain/muscles
olfactory- chlorine
tactile- (external) feeling rubber basketball

38
Q

Where (imagery)

A

anywhere but pre-comp/practice most common

39
Q

when? (imagery)

A

whenever BUT usually during practice or before comp
(best to start outside of sport setting)

40
Q

What? (imagery) 4

A

-surroundings (spectators)
-nature of imagery (positive have better effects)
-type of imagery (sense used)
-imagery perspective (internal/ first person POV or external-for form

41
Q

Why? (imagery)

A

motivational reasons- goals (specific) or arousal (general)
cognitive reasons- skills (specific) or strategy (general)

42
Q

Who? (imagery)

A

-anyone
-those who have > imaging ability can have more detailed and longer imaging

43
Q

4 components to a good image

A
  1. image generation (creating it)
  2. image vividness (seeing clearly)
  3. image controllability (manipulatable)
  4. image maintenance (keep it up)
44
Q

Stress

A

imbalance between one’s demands and their perception of their capabilities (cognitive)

45
Q

Anxiety

A

negative emotional state of worry, apprehension and high physiological arousal

46
Q

3 behavioral skills to manage arousal

A

-relaxation (breathing)
-progressive muscle relax (tensing/relaxing)
-biofeedback (trying to control automatic body functions)

47
Q

4 cognitive skills to manage arousal

A

-hypnosis (altered state)
-autogenic training (warmth/heaviness)
-meditation (focused on one/no thoughts)
-mindfulness (attention on sensations)

48
Q

4 phases of hypnosis

A
  1. induction phase- trust
  2. hypnotic phase- responding to suggestions
  3. waking phase- out of trance
  4. posthypnotic phase- same suggestions done as hypnotic phase
49
Q

6 phases of autogenic training

A
  1. heaviness of extremities
  2. warmth of extremities
  3. regulate heartrate
  4. regulate breathing
  5. core warmth
  6. forehead coolness
50
Q

4 steps of stress inoculation training

A
  1. interview-what makes them stressed?
  2. understand- how do they feel?
  3. manage- relaxing strategies
  4. practice- relax during stress
51
Q
A

KNES 2140- Psychological Perspectives (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions