Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

KNES 2140- Psychological Perspectives > Exam 3 Content > Flashcards

Exam 3 Content Flashcards

1
Q

5 concepts a group must share

A
  1. common fate
  2. mutual benefit
  3. social structure
  4. group processes
  5. self-catergorization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

group cohesion

A

tendency for group to remain united in goals or to satisfy members’ affective needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 characteristics of group cohesion

A
  1. dynamic- not stable over time
  2. instrumental- purpose
  3. multidimensional- many factors cause commitment
  4. affective- positive emotions/bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Group integration

A

feelings about group & perceptions of closeness, similarity, & unity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

social cohesion

A

goal to develop/maintain social relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

task cohesion

A

willingness to work together to achieve goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 phases of linear model of cohesion

A
  1. forming- strengths/weaknesses assessed (bonds start)
  2. storming- managing conflict & establishing roles (tension starts)
  3. norming- conflict management working & roles are made (cohesion)
  4. performing- members work together to achieve goals (productivity)
  5. adjourning- task completed, group identity fades
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 factors of group cohesion

A
  1. environmental -contracts, geographical factors
  2. leadership- behavior & decision styes
    3- personal- individual adherence/social loafing
  3. team- success ( > performance = higher cohesion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 positive outcomes of cohesion

A

adherence
team satisfaction
social support
group stability
performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 barriers of cohesion

A

clashing personalities
communication breakdown
power struggles
member turnover rate
goal disagreements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 ways to build cohesion as a leader

A
  1. treat all equally
  2. encourage unity (shared identity, avoid cliques)
  3. create team building
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

leadership & 2 approaches

A

influencing a group to achieve a common goal (personality or situational/contextual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 outcomes of leadership

A
  1. > performance
  2. > social skills
  3. > motor skills
  4. > group functioning
  5. exercise adoption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

personality approach to leadership

A

leader styles represent stable leader traits (more similar the personalities the > the relationships)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

situational/contextual approach to leadership

A

behaviors that may fluctuate (full range leadership approach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 parts of full range leadership approach

A

1- Laissez faire
2- transactional
3- transformational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

laissez fair leadership

A

leaders avoid making decisions (absence of leadership)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transactional leadership (3 parts)

A

exchange relationship
1. passive management by exception- leaders wait to correct problems
2. active management by exception- leaders monitor goals and correct problems as they arise (prevention)
3. contingent reward- rewards for success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

transformational leadership (4 parts)

A

inspiring others to commit/giving confidence to succeed (BEST OUTCOMES!)
1. idealized influence- modelling teamwork + showing humility
2. inspirational motivation- encouragement and optimism
3. intellectual stimulation- sharing decision making/problem solving
4. individualized consideration- empathy + supporting needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 types of aging

A
  1. chronological age- years of life
  2. biological age- based on body’s condition (genetics <50% & lifestyle >80%)
  3. psychological age- how one acts/feels
  4. social age- habits relative to society (when should you get married?)
  5. functional age- abilities based on standard of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gerontology

A

social, cultural, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging

22
Q

primary aging

A

aging related to passage of time (biological/genetic components)

23
Q

secondary aging

A

declines related to disease/poor lifestyles

24
Q

masters athlete (3 qualitites)

A

Age- 35+
Registration- league/event/games
Competitive- rules & scores, training to compete

25
adult exercisers
active adults who aren't registered in competitive organization
26
start of masters sport
1960's- David Pain did the Master's Mile, first masters track meet was 1968
27
World Masters Games
every 4 years, people placed according to ace & skill level (first in Toronto 1985
28
elderly population rates in canada (now and 2050)
60+ is 22% of pop, in 2050 will be >30%
29
percent of healthcare spending by elderly
45% (the older they get the more services & $ they use)
30
PST & 2 objectives
psychological skills training that requires patience, practice and persistence 1. enhance performance 2. increase enjoyment
31
5 types of psychological skills (most-least researched)
1. goal setting 2. imagery 3. arousal regulation 4. self talk 5. attention control
32
goal & goal setting
goal- desired outcome of conscious efforts goal setting- making objectives for actions
33
3 types of goals
1. outcome goals: focus = results, dependent on athlete's & others' performance 2. performance goals: focus = improving, dependent only on athlete's performance 3. process goals: focus = actions/behaviors that improve chances of reaching goals, dependent on athlete's execution (most effective)
34
SMART goals
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timely
35
4 common issues when goal setting
1. too many goals 2. too vague 3. failure to adjust goals 4. failure to evaluate
36
Imagery
using senses to create realistic images/experiences in conscious mind, can be improved
37
5 major senses used in imagery (& examples)
visual- the ball auditory- the crowd cheering kinesthetic- (internal) pain/muscles olfactory- chlorine tactile- (external) feeling rubber basketball
38
Where (imagery)
anywhere but pre-comp/practice most common
39
when? (imagery)
whenever BUT usually during practice or before comp (best to start outside of sport setting)
40
What? (imagery) 4
-surroundings (spectators) -nature of imagery (positive have better effects) -type of imagery (sense used) -imagery perspective (internal/ first person POV or external-for form
41
Why? (imagery)
motivational reasons- goals (specific) or arousal (general) cognitive reasons- skills (specific) or strategy (general)
42
Who? (imagery)
-anyone -those who have > imaging ability can have more detailed and longer imaging
43
4 components to a good image
1. image generation (creating it) 2. image vividness (seeing clearly) 3. image controllability (manipulatable) 4. image maintenance (keep it up)
44
Stress
imbalance between one's demands and their perception of their capabilities (cognitive)
45
Anxiety
negative emotional state of worry, apprehension and high physiological arousal
46
3 behavioral skills to manage arousal
-relaxation (breathing) -progressive muscle relax (tensing/relaxing) -biofeedback (trying to control automatic body functions)
47
4 cognitive skills to manage arousal
-hypnosis (altered state) -autogenic training (warmth/heaviness) -meditation (focused on one/no thoughts) -mindfulness (attention on sensations)
48
4 phases of hypnosis
1. induction phase- trust 2. hypnotic phase- responding to suggestions 3. waking phase- out of trance 4. posthypnotic phase- same suggestions done as hypnotic phase
49
6 phases of autogenic training
1. heaviness of extremities 2. warmth of extremities 3. regulate heartrate 4. regulate breathing 5. core warmth 6. forehead coolness
50
4 steps of stress inoculation training
1. interview-what makes them stressed? 2. understand- how do they feel? 3. manage- relaxing strategies 4. practice- relax during stress
51

KNES 2140- Psychological Perspectives (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions