Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KNES 2140- Psychological Perspectives > Exam 1 Content > Flashcards

Exam 1 Content Flashcards

1
Q

define sport

A

organized participation, competitive & rule based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define exercise

A

physical activity to achieve fitness, planned, structured, repetitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 4 most common career paths for exercise psych?

A

teaching, researching, consulting, coaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 principles of the CSPA Code of Ethics?

A
  1. respect for dignity of persons (confidentiality & rights)
  2. responsible caring (minimize harm, max benefits)
  3. integrity in relationships (honest)
  4. responsibility to society (athlete first, society second)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

difference between mental performance consultant and sport/exercise psychologist

A

MPC- KNES route, can’t work with athletes on psychological disorders
S/EP- PhD in Psych, can work on psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who was Dr. Franklin Henry?

A

created scientific approach to physical education & psychological aspects of sport skill acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happened in the 60’s-70’s? (3)

A

-exercise programs became academic discipline
-first PhD program in Canada (Alderman)
-2 scholarly professional associations (NASPSPA in US-1967 & SCAPPS in CAN-1977)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happened in the 70’s-80’s? (2)

A

-US Olympic committee hires first sport psychologist in 85
-Sport psych journals established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main advancement in 1990’s?

A

Certification for mental performance consultants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are predicted trends of sport psych in Canada?

A

-increased specialization, research/teaching, & demands for training
-online consulting & more representations for under-represented groups like elderly/disabled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?

A

understand how people initiate and adopt regular PA & study behavior change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the first 2 stages of TTM defined by?

A

Intent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the 3rd stage of TTM defined by?

A

Intention & behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the last 2 stages of TTM defined by?

A

Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 Cognitive Processes of Change

A
  1. Consciousness raising- seeking new info
  2. Self Re-evaluation- how you feel about behavior
  3. Environmental Re-evaluation- how behavior affects social factors
  4. Dramatic Relief- feelings from behavior that move you emotionally
  5. Social Liberation- awareness of factors that support behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What stages of TTM would you find Cognitive Processes of Change

A

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation (first 3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

5 Behavioral Processes of Change

A
  1. Self-liberation- strengthen belief of change
  2. Counterconditioning- substitute PA for sedentary activities
  3. Stimulus control- controlling cues that trigger inactivity
  4. Reinforcement management- rewarding active behaviors
  5. Helping relationships- social support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What stages of the TTM does behavioral change occur?

A

Preparation, action, maintenance (last 3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you predict stage progression?

A

self-efficacy + decisional balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Self-Efficacy Theory (SET)

A

belief in one’s ability to perform task successfully, but only predicts behavior when it is challenging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 sources of self efficacy in the SET model & their intervention strategies?

A
  1. Mastery experience- previous success, IS= set achievable goals, reflect
  2. Vicarious Experience (Modelling)- make judgement on self according to how another performs, IS= find similar role models, imagery
  3. Social Persuasion- feedback from knowledgeable source, IS= ask, self-talk
  4. Physiological/Affective States- emotional cues determine performance, IS= mental skills, educate on normal states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the 4 sources of SET is the strongest determinant?

A

Mastery Experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Self Efficacy predicts what (strong & poor)?

A

strong- exercise initiation
weak- exercise maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB):

A

planning something increases chances of accomplishment, intention is best predictor of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 3 TPB Beliefs that determine antecendents?

A
  1. Behavioral beliefs- pros/cons
  2. Normative beliefs- value that others place on behavior
  3. Control beliefs- barriers/facilitators
26
Q

What are the 3 Antecedents of TPB that determine intension?

A
  1. Attitudes- thoughts of behavior
  2. Subjective norms- pressure to perform behavior
  3. Perceived Behavioral Control- perceived ability
27
Q

What are limitations of TPB?

A

-intensions can always weaken so cannot determine maintenance of behavior
-as time between intention and behavior increases, predictability decreases

28
Q

Describe Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

A

meta-theory of human motivation to explain motivation towards volitional behavior

29
Q

Describe the 3 categories of the Organismic Integration Theory

A

Regulatory styles, sources of motivation, motivation regulators

30
Q

3 Types of motivation in the OIT

A

amotivation- no intent
extrinsic- intend driven by external motives (money, job)
intrinsic- intent driven by internal motives (joy, satisfaction)

31
Q

Describe the 6 Regulatory styles and their regulators and sources of motivation

A
  1. Non-regulation: no intention, impersonal
  2. External: external rewards, external
  3. Introjected: ego/approval, somewhat external
  4. Identified: value but not personal identity, somewhat internal
  5. Integrated: core values, internal
  6. Intrinsic: for satisfaction, internal
32
Q

Describe Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT)

A

humans are motivated by innate needs that are universal across cultures and lifespans

33
Q

3 Basic needs according to BPNT

A
  1. Autonomy- feeling in control of one’s fate
  2. Competence- feeling able
  3. Relatedness- feeling of belonging with others
34
Q

What ratio of needs promotes the best outcome of the BPNT?

A

balance is > than high level in one and low in others

35
Q

What are the 4 Dimensions to Body Image?

A
  1. Affective- feelings/emotions
  2. Perceptual- subjective representation
  3. Cognitive- thoughts & beliefs about body
  4. Behavioral- choices/actions based on other 3 dimensions
36
Q

3 Subsections to Affective Dimension of Body Image

A
  1. Body related shame- negative focus on self (I am ugly)
  2. Body related guilt- negative feeling of failure (I didn’t exercise for 2 weeks)
  3. Body related pride- positive feeling of satisfaction (I am strong)
37
Q

Authentic Pride vs Hubristic Pride

A

authentic is a focus on behaviors/outcomes of self (I feel fit) & hubristic is focus on attributes (I am skinny) with comparison/superiority to others

38
Q

Avoidance behaviors vs Lifestyle behaviors

A

avoidance- actions to divert attention from body (baggy clothes, avoiding gym)
lifestyle- actions to alter body due to body concerns (plastic surgery, over-exercising)

39
Q

Body Image = (Body Reality) X (Body Ideal)

A

physical characteristics (height, weight) X how we think body should look/function

40
Q

Define body image investment

A

impact of body on the 4 dimensions of body image (how much one cares about their body image)

41
Q

Positive vs Negative Body Image

A

positive= more accurate perceptions of body, recognize spectrum of body shapes
negative= negative thoughts of body, more maladaptive/risky behaviors

42
Q

Body Dysmorphia

A

over exaggerated/inaccurate perception of body shape

43
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

excessive preoccupation with imagined defect in appearance, affect daily functioning

44
Q

Muscle dysmorphia

A

chronic preoccupation with insufficient muscularity (thinks thinner than actuality)

45
Q

3 Main eating disorders

A

Bulimia- binge eating followed by purging to prevent weight gain (normal weight)
Anorexia- intense food restriction (underweight)
Binge-eating disorder- compulsive overeating (overweight)

46
Q

Social physique anxiety

A

Anxiety due to other’s evaluations of physique in exercise settings, can cause more exercise for positive evaluations from others OR avoidance of exercise and evaluations altogether

47
Q

Define mental health

A

Well being where individuals realize potential, cope with stress, work productively, and contribute to community

48
Q

Define mental illness

A

alterations in thinking, mood, and/or behavior that cause distress and impaired functioning

49
Q

Define mental health problem

A

insufficient criteria for mental illness but not in a state of mental wellness, treatment important to prevent from becoming mental illness

50
Q

How many people in Canada experience mental health problems every year? How much does it cost the economy?

A

1 in 5, $50 billion

51
Q

Preventative perspective of Exercise on mental health

A

sedentary people have higher risk of depression than active people

52
Q

Treatment perspective of exercise on mental health

A

seen as as effective as relaxation, psychotherapy, and meditation on depressive symptoms, & no side effects

53
Q

3 benefits to exercise as treatmentq

A
  1. complements other treatments
  2. cost effective
  3. promotes both mental and physical benefits
54
Q

What are the 5 Mechanisms of change theories?

A
  1. Anthropological hypothesis
  2. Endorphin hypothesis
  3. Monoamine hypothesis
  4. Distraction hypothesis
  5. Self-efficacy
55
Q

Describe anthropological hypothesis

A

human existence required PA for survival which impacted genetics, sedentary lifestyles have created health issues

56
Q

Describe Endorphin Hypothesis

A

endorphins released during exercise are natural painkillers and help regulate emotions

57
Q

Describe monoamine hypothesis

A

Neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) regulate emotions & exercising alters these by enhancing the brain chemistry

58
Q

Describe distraction hypothesis

A

exercise distracts from stressors, breaks can improve overwhelm of mental load

59
Q

Describe self efficacy hypothesis

A

SE improves with exercise as you get physical & mental benefits and a sense of accomplishment after

60
Q
A

KNES 2140- Psychological Perspectives (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions