Exam 3 (Chapters 7-9) Flashcards
A variable that involves a manipulation with a level that involves the treatment and a level that does not involve the treatment
Presents-absence variable
An independent variable with 2 levels- a design is considered bivalent if it contains only one bivalent independent variable
Bivalent independent variable
A variable that involves a manipulation of types of treatments
Type variable
A variable that includes levels with a different amount of the treatment changing from level to level
Amount variable
An independent variable that includes 3 or more levels- a design is considered multivalent if there is only one independent variable that contains 3 or more levels
Multivalent variable
Variable that allows comparison of groups of participants without manipulation (i.e. No random assignment)
Quasi-independent or subject variable
A study or scale appearing to be intuitively valid on the surface
Face validity
Participant groups are not equated on characteristics that can affect the data is which source of bias?
Group differences
1.Gender
2.Previous knowledge or experience with a task
3.Current mood state affect the scores
Are all good examples of which source of bias?
Group differences
Which type of validity is threatened by the group differences source of bias?
Internal
Order of conditions in a within-subjects design can affect data collected in different conditions is which source of bias?
Order effects
When easy tasks precede difficult tasks or positive experiences precede negative experiences.
This is an example of which source of bias?
Order effects
Which type of validity is threatened by the order effects source of bias?
Internal
There are multiple testing sessions- 1st testing effects subsequent testing is describing which source of bias?
Testing effects
Scores are changed based on practice effects, fatigue effects, or accumulated knowledge of the task.
This is an example of which source of bias?
Testing effects
Which type of validity is threatened by testing effects source of bias?
Internal
Extreme scores are unlikely to recur is describing which source of bias?
Regression toward the mean.
- A student earns a high score on a test in class but has a low average course grade.
- A professional athlete has a high performing year compared with his or her average performance
This is a good example of which source of bias?
Regression toward the mean
What type of validity is threatened by regression toward the mean source of bias?
Internal
The researcher treats different groups of participants in different ways based on knowledge of the study is describing which source of bias?
Experimenter bias
The instructor spends more time discussing material in a class he knows is not receiving a new teaching technique designed to improve learning.
This is a good example of which source of bias?
Experimenter bias
What type of validity is threatened by experimenter bias?
Internal
Participants provide survey responses to present themselves in a more positive way is describing which source of bias?
Social desirability
A participant responds to items on an anxiety survey with lower values than his or her actual level of anxiety.
This is an example of which source of bias?
Social desirability