Exam 2 (Chapters 4-6) Flashcards
A sample chosen such that individuals are chosen with the specific probability
Probability sample
A sample chosen such that the probability of an individual being chosen cannot be determined
Convenience or purposive sample
A sample chosen randomly from the population such that each individual has an equal chance of being selected
Simple random sample
A sample chosen randomly from clusters identified in the population
Cluster sample
A sample chosen from the population such that the proportion of individuals with a particular characteristic is equivalent in the population and sample
Stratified random sample
A sample chosen from the population such that available individuals are chosen based on who volunteers to participate
Volunteer sample
A sample chosen from the population such that available individuals are chosen with equivalent proportions of individuals for a specific characteristic in the population and sample
Quota sample
The spread of scores in a distribution
Variability
The distribution of all possible sample means for all possible samples of a particular size from a population
Distribution of sample means
A sample chosen from the population by recruiting on the Internet
Internet sample
What is the advantage to simple random sample?
It reduces sampling error by choosing from all members of the population to best represent the population
What are some disadvantages to simple random sample
It is difficult to ensure that each member of a large population can be chosen in a sample
Students are chosen randomly from a list of all students at a University
This is an example of what sample technique
Simple random sample
What are the advantages of a cluster sample
It makes it easier to choose members randomly from small clusters to better represent the population
What are the disadvantages to cluster sampling
It can ignore segments of the population that are not in the clusters chosen for the sample
Doctors who work at hospitals are chosen for example by identifying all hospitals in different areas of the United States and then randomly choosing 10 hospitals in each area of the United States to sample from
This is an example of what type of sampling technique
Cluster sample
What are the advantages to stratified random sampling
It reduces bias due to an Identified characteristic of the population by equating proportions in the sample and the population for that characteristic to better represent the population
What are some of the disadvantages to stratified random sampling
It is similar to simple random sampling which can be difficult to ensure equal probability of being chosen from a large population
Registered voters are randomly selected from lists of democrats and republicans to equal the proportion of registered democrats and republicans in the United States
Is an example of which sampling technique
Stratified random sampling
What are some of the advantages to convenience sampling
It is easier to obtain than probability samples
What are the disadvantages to convenience sampling
It may not represent the population properly due to selection bias because random sampling is not used
The sample is chosen from students who volunteer to complete an extra credit assignment in their psychology course
This is an example of what sampling technique
Convenience sampling
Convenient samples can also be known as which type of samples
Volunteer sample or quota sample
True or False
The larger the difference between scores in the sample data, the less reliable it is as an estimate of the population data
True