Exam 3 (Chapter 5)

Question 1

def of perception

Answer 1

• interpreting sensations

- help sensations become meaningful

Question 2

psychophysics

Answer 2

• measure perception

- concerned with 2 types of thresholds

Question 3

2 types of thresholds

Answer 3

1. Absolute

2. Difference

Question 4

absolute threshold

Answer 4

-min amount of energy/stimulus perceived 50% of the time

Question 5

difference threshold

Answer 5

• distinguish between stimuli rather than levels

- just noticeable difference (JND)

Question 6

perceptual organization

Answer 6

• task performed by perceptual system

- determines what goes together to form an object

Question 7

principles of organization

Answer 7

• two main principles
  1. Figure ground
  2. Grouping

Question 8

figure ground

Answer 8

-organize stimuli into central figure then against background

Question 9

grouping

Answer 9

putting similar things into groups

Question 10

principles of grouping (4)

Answer 10

• proximity
• similarity
• continuity
• closure

Question 11

closure grouping

Answer 11

filling in missing spaces to form complete object

Question 12

perceptual constancy

Answer 12

• allows us to recognize familiar stimuli under varying conditions
• see things as same even though they are changing

Question 13

perceptual constancies (3)

Answer 13

1. size
2. shape
3. brightness/colour

Question 14

size constancy

Answer 14

-seems like it changes due to distance

Question 15

shape constancy

Answer 15

shape remains same even when we see it in different angles (ex. Frog in class)

Question 16

brightness/colour constancy

Answer 16

color remains same but looks different under different lights (ex. car paint, see rainbow)

Question 17

2 types of depth perception cues

Answer 17

1. binocular

2. monocular

Question 18

binocular cues

Answer 18

• eye convergence

- retinal/binocular disparity

Question 19

eye convergence cue

Answer 19

• produced by feedback from muscles

- being cross eyed

Question 20

retinal/binocular disparity

Answer 20

-each eye sees different image (different angle)

Question 21

monocular cues

Answer 21

• pictorial

- non pictorial

Question 22

pictorial cues (5)

Answer 22

• linear (parallel lines connect)
• interposition (objects closer cut off view of distant objects)
• elevation (seems as things are higher if distant)
• texture gradient (closer objects have more detail)
• relative size (smaller objects are further away)

Question 23

non pictorial cues

Answer 23

-motion parallax (if moving, nearer objects look faster (passing train)

Question 24

apparent motion (2 parts)

Answer 24

1. stroboscopic illusion

2. autokinetic illusion

Question 25

stroboscopic illusion of motion

Answer 25

• when we see slightly different images
• slightly displaced lights flash in rapid succession
• Ex. strobe lights

Question 26

auto kinetic illusion of motion

Answer 26

• perceived motion by stationary object

- Ex. stand in dark room and look at ball of light, light will seem to move because muscles in eye are moving

Question 27

webers law

Answer 27

-smallest detectable difference in stimulus energy is constant fraction of intensity of stimulus

Question 28

fechners law

Answer 28

-great magnitude of stimulus = bigger change needed for JND