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Psyc 201 > Exam 3 (Chapter 4) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Chapter 4) Flashcards

Fudging Ace This Stupid Test!

1
Q

sensations

A

sense organs responding to external stimuli

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2
Q

perception

A

process where messages from senses are given meaning

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3
Q

accessory structures

A

modify incoming energy

  • lens
  • pinna of ear
  • nose
  • skin
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4
Q

neural receptors

A

perform transduction

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5
Q

transduction

A

taking physical stimulus and turning it into neural impulse

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6
Q

sensory nerves

A
  • afferent neurons

- transfer info from receptor cells to CNS

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7
Q

info goes to thalamus except which sense

A

except smell

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8
Q

sensory adaptation

A

constant exposure of stimulus will decrease sense organ response

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9
Q

sound

A

repetitive difference in pressure of a medium

ex) air or water

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10
Q

physical characteristics of sound determine psychological dimensions

A
  1. Loudness (amps)
  2. Pitch (freq)
  3. Timbre (quality of sound)
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11
Q

Pinna

A

collects and shapes sound

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12
Q

tympanic membrane

A
  • ear drum

- vibrates

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13
Q

ossicles

A

amplifies sound

  • malleus (hammer)
  • uncus (anvil)
  • stapes (stirrup)
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14
Q

semi circular canals and vestibular sacs

A

fluid filled organs for equilibrium

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15
Q

cochlea

A

snail like

-transduction occurs here

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16
Q

basilar membrane

A

sheet of tissue runs length of cochlea

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17
Q

organ of corti

A
  • rests on basilar

- contains hair cells which are receptor cells

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18
Q

acoustic/auditory nerve

A

transmit messages to brain to auditory cortex

-afferent neuron

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19
Q

damage to middle or inner ear =

A

2 types of deafness

20
Q

conduction deafness (middle)

A
  • bones fuse together and don’t vibrate

- treated by hearing aid

21
Q

nerve deafness (inner)

A
  • damage to acoustic nerve/hair cells

- treated by cochlear implants

22
Q

cornea

A
  • bends light waves
  • protects eye
  • accessory structure
23
Q

aqueous humor

A
  • watery substance back of cornea
  • nourishes the eye
  • keeps cornea rounded
24
Q

pupil

A
  • adjustable opening

- constricts and dilates

25
Q

iris

A
  • controls pupil
  • doughnut shaped muscle
  • gives us eye colour
26
Q

lens

A
  • focus visual image on retina
  • myopia (near sightedness)
  • hyperopia (far sightedness, Marcy)
27
Q

ciliary muscles

A
  • changes shape of lens if object is moving away or to
  • bends light rays
  • ocular accommodation
28
Q

vitreous humor

A
  • jelly like
  • most of eye
  • gives shape
29
Q

retina

A
  • transduction occurs here
  • retina image is upside down and brain flips it
  • 3 layers of cells
30
Q

photoreceptors

A

-cell of retina
-perform transduction
2 cells
1. rods
2. cones

31
Q

rods

A
  • part of photoreceptors
  • highly sensitive to light
  • better in dim light
  • not sensitive to color (black and white)
32
Q

cones

A
  • part of photoreceptors
  • less sensitive to light
  • better in bright light
  • distinguish color
  • gives sharper image
33
Q

bipolar neurons

A

-cell of retina

pass signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells

34
Q

ganglion cells (afferent)

A
  • cell of retina
  • on surface of retina
  • generate potentials
  • make up optic nerve
35
Q

afferent

A

going to brain

36
Q

efferent

A

going away from brain

37
Q

fovea

A
  • small area in retina

- packed with cones

38
Q

blindspot

A

-no receptor cells

39
Q

trichromatic theory

A
  • cones most sensitive to wavelengths to red, blue, green
  • 3 types of cones
    1. short (blue)
    2. medium (green)
    3. long (red)
40
Q

opponent process theory

A
  • color sensitive visual elements are grouped into pairs
  • pairs oppose each other
  • red/green, blue/yellow, black/white
41
Q

trichromats

A

normal vision

42
Q

dichromat

A

color blind in ONE of three system

-2 systems work

43
Q

monochromat

A
  • color blind in all systems

- only see black and white

44
Q

human taste system detects 4 things

A
  • sweet
  • sour
  • bitter
  • salty
45
Q

auditory canal

A

in outer ear

-collects sound

Psyc 201 (8 decks)

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