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Psyc 201 > Exam 2 (ch 3) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (ch 3) Flashcards

1
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • plays role in feeling temperature

- touch and pressure sense

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2
Q

nerve

A

bundle of neurons

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

-contains all neural structures that lie outside brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

PNS components (2 parts)

A
  1. somatic

2. autonomic

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5
Q

PNS autonomic parts (2 parts)

A
  1. sympathetic

2. parasympathetic

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6
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • sensory and motor neurons allow sense and respond to environment
  • controls voluntary muscles
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7
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A
  • senses bodys internal functions

- controls glands and involuntary muscle activities of internal organs

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8
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

-spinal cord and brain

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9
Q

spinal cord and brain in CNS

A
  • connects peripheral nervous system to brain

- spinal cord is dense packed nerve fibers

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10
Q

parasympathetic (in PNS autonomic)

A
  • slows body down
  • maintains internal equilibrium
  • causes opposite of sympathetic charges
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11
Q

sympathetic (in PNS autonomic)

A
  • activation vs arousal function (flight or fight)

- heart rate rises ect.

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12
Q

inhibitory

A

prevents neuron firing

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13
Q

excitatory chemical reaction

A

causes action potential to fire

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14
Q

all or none law

A

-action potential either occur at max or none

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15
Q

2 refractive periods (after cells get stimulation)

A
  • absolute refractive period

- relative refractory period

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16
Q

absolute refractive period

A
  • follows action potential
  • can not discharge another impulse
  • membrane not excited
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17
Q

relative refractory period

A
  • follows absolute refract period
  • membrane excited
  • impulse must be stronger than initial impulse
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18
Q

ion channels in the cell membrane (open vs closed)

A
  • when a neuron is stimulated (active) channel opens and positive charges flow in
  • interior is positive=depolarized
  • channel closes = resting state
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19
Q

neuron is action/potential state

A
  • receiving stimulation
  • getting a message
  • membrane is permeable
  • cell is depolarized
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20
Q

neuron in resting state

A
  • no stimuation
  • no message
  • no impulse
  • membrane is semi permeable
  • cell is negatively charged=polarized
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21
Q

cell communication (excitatory and inhibitory)

A
  • neural impulse
  • message is conducted
  • comm is electrochemical
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22
Q

5 parts of Hindbrain

A
  1. brainstem
  2. pons (bridges)
  3. medulla
  4. reticular formation
  5. cerebellum
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23
Q

brain stem (hindbrain)

A

supports vital life functions

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24
Q

pons (bridges) (hindbrain)

A
  • bridges lower and upper brain to cerebellum and cerebrum

- contains chemical that keeps sleep-wake cycle

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25
Q

medulla (hindbrain)

A
  • life sustaining functions

ex) heart beat, swallowing

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26
Q

reticular formation

A
  • arouses and excites you
  • blocks or allows messages to come in
  • if damaged, coma like state
  • ‘blue spot’
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27
Q

cerebellum or little brain (hindbrain)

A
  • muscle movement coordination, learning, memory

- messed up by alcohol

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28
Q

midbrain

A
  • contains cluster of sensory and motor neurons
  • used for hearing and sight
  • pain registered here
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29
Q

forebrain (3 parts)

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. hypothalamus (2 parts)
  3. limbic system (3 parts)
30
Q

thalamus (forebrain)

A
  • relay sensory station
  • organizes info coming from sensory organs except smell!
  • sends messages to right places
31
Q

Hypothalamus (forebrain) (2 parts)

A
  • hunger, thirst, sex drive
  • connected with ANS to stress
    1. Lateral
    2. ventromedial
32
Q

Lateral hypothalamus (forebrain)

A

-when stimulated=tells us to eating/drinking

33
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus (forebrain)

A

-when stimulated = tells us to STOP eating/drinking

34
Q

hypothalamus and hormonal secretions (forebrain)

A
  • regulates sexual behavior
  • pleasure and pain
  • metabolism
35
Q

3 parts of limbic system (forebrain)

A
  1. hippocampus
  2. amygdala
  3. septum
36
Q

hippocampus (limbic sys, forebrain)

A
  • ‘seahorse’
  • forming and remembering memories
  • mainly new memories
37
Q

Amygdala (limbic sys, forebrain)

A
  • ‘almond’
  • formation of emotional memories
  • self preservation (anger)
  • fear
38
Q

septum (limbic sys, forebrain)

A
  • pleasure

- anger suppression

39
Q

2 parts of cerebrum (forebrain)

A
  1. cortex (forms outermost layer)

2. corpus callosum (neural bridge between 2 hemispheres)

40
Q

cortex (cerebrum, forebrain)

A
  • outermost layer

- separates humans and animals

41
Q

fissures or sulci (cerebrum cortex, forebrain)

A
  • valleys in the cerebral cortex

- separate the brain into 4 lobes

42
Q

pancreas

A

-regulate blood sugar level w/insulin and glucagon

43
Q

Hormones

A
  • chemical messengers
  • put straight into blood
  • slower, widespread messengers (ductless gland)
44
Q

endocrine system (7 glands)

A
  1. pituitary
  2. pineal
  3. thyroid
  4. parathyroids
  5. pancreas
  6. adrenal
  7. gonads
45
Q

hormones affect…

A
  • reproductive structures
  • sexual behaviors
  • gender
46
Q

thyroid gland (in neck)

A
  • secretes thyroxin
  • controls metabolic rate
  • fat or thin
47
Q

parathyroid (inside thyroid)

A
  • regulate calcium and phosphate levels

- influences excitability

48
Q

pineal gland (above brain stem)

A
  • secretes melatonin

- regulates sleep-wake cycle

49
Q

pituitary gland (located in brain)

A
  • tells when other glands should secrete
  • regulates growth
  • causes milk production, uterus contraction
50
Q

adrenal gland (2 parts)

A
  • twin structures above kidneys
    1. adrenal cortex =outer layer
    2. adrenal medulla =inner core
  • secretes more than 50 hormones (adrenaline)
51
Q

adrenal glands response to stress

A

-in emergency glands activate by ANS to get flight or fight response

52
Q

gonads

A
  • sex glands
  • androgen (male)
  • estrogen (female)
53
Q

testosterone role in pregnancy

A

-present in 3rd and 4th month after conception to be a male

54
Q

4 types of cells

A
  1. receptor (sense organs)
  2. neurons (between receptor and effector)
  3. effector (in muscles and glands)
  4. glial (do not send or receive nerve impulses)
55
Q

3 types of neurons

A
  1. sensory/Afferent (carry message form sense organs to CNS)
  2. interneurons (connect neuron to another)
  3. motor/Efferent (carry message from CNS to sense organs)
56
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • planning and goal setting behavior
  • concentration
  • language (left hemisphere)
57
Q

left hemis lateralization

A
  • language
  • verbal abilities
  • speech
58
Q

right hemis lateralization

A
  • spacial relations
  • faces
  • mental imagery
59
Q

occipital lobe

A
  • role in vision or sight

- use optic nerves

60
Q

neuron

A

basic building block of NS

61
Q

somatosensory cortex

A
  • in parietal lobe

- receives sensory info

62
Q

brocas area

A
  • in frontal lobe

- production of speech with help from motor cortex

63
Q

motor cortex

A
  • in frontal lobe

- controls muscles in voluntary body movements

64
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • wernickes area
  • affect speech comprehension
  • hearing
  • facial recognition
65
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between neurons

66
Q

synaptic vessicles

A
  • tiny oval sacs inside terminal buttons

- hold neurotransmitters

67
Q

terminal buttons

A
  • knobs on end of axon

- keep synaptic vesicles

68
Q

axon terminals

A
  • branches off axon

- connect to other neurons

69
Q

nodes of ranvier

A
  • spaces in myelin sheath

- impulses jump from node to node

70
Q

myelin sheath

A
  • semi circles on axon

- helps message travel smoothly

Psyc 201 (8 decks)

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