Exam 3 Chapter 12 Flashcards by Leslie Lee

Cerebrum 4 lobes and functions

frontal = reasoning and thought
parietal = integrates sensory information
temporal = process auditory information from ears
occipital= processing visual information from the eyes

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Cerebellum location and function

located below the cerebrum

= muscle coordination
= balance
= posture
= muscle tone

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Diencephalon location and whats in diencephalon

location: above midbrain and below cerebrum
- thalamus : directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum

hypothalamus : controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep and blood vessel constriction and dilation. ALSO EMOTIONS
–> also contains many important nuceli: mamillary bodies
Epithalamus: contains pineal gland and secretes melatonin

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Midbrain location and function

Located below Cerebrum
responsible for eye and auditory reflexes

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Pons

Located below mindbrain
responsible for certain reflex actions : sleep cycle, dreams, facial expression

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Medulla Oblongata

Located at the bottom of the brainstem . connects to the spinal cord

regulates heart and blood vessel
digestion, respiration, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, blood pressure

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Lateral ventricles location

Large C-shaped chambers located deep in each hemisphere.

separated by membranous septum pellucidum

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Third ventricles lies in?

diencephalon. through the interventricular foramen

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Fourth ventricle lies in?

in the brain stem (medulla oblongata) . also connected to the 3rd ventricle through cerebral aqueduct.

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4 area of cortex of frontal lobe

primary motor cortex
premotor cortex
-brocas area
frontal eye field

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What cells are in the primary motor cortex?

Pyramidal cells (neuron)
- allow conscious control of movement.

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Premotor cortex

helps plan movement.

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list all sensory areas

primary somatosensory cortex
somatosensory association cortex
visual areas
auditory areas
gustatory cortex
visceral sensory area
vestibular cortex
olfactory cortex

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from the sensory areas, which ones are in insula?

gustatory cortex
visceral sensory area
vestibular cortex

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Each hemispheres basal nuclei:

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

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Three regions of the brain stem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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Functional brain systems

limbic system
reticular formation

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What is Fornix

in the limbic system and is a fiber tract that link limbic system regions

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Spinal Chord 4 regions

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
spinal nerves
: afferent spinal nerve –> carries information from body to brain
: efferent spinal nerve –> carries information from the brain to the body

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what is sympathetic and parasympathetic

sympathetic: stress response
parasympathetic: rest and relaxed

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White matter is?

Neuron axons that carry information

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Gray matter / cortex

outside of the brain where it is lined with neuron cell

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Corpus Callosum

connect the two hemispheres of the brain

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Limbic system: Amygdala

invovled with fearful and anxious emotions

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Hippocampus?

next to and interconnected with amygdala . has more to do with memory

Parahippocampal Gyrus

memory

What is in the insula cortex?

- gustatory cortex: taste - visceral sensory area: upset stomatch or full bladder - vestibular cortex: awareness of balance. position of head in space.

What is meninges

Membranes on the brain <3

What are the layers in meninges

- dura mater - arachnoid mater - pia mater

What CT is dura mater? and the three main septa

fibrous CT - flax cerebri: longitudinal fissure - falx cerebelli: along vermis f cerebellum - tentorium cerebelli

What is the arachnoid mater and tell me whats within it

middle layer of the meninges with web like extension. - subarachnoid space ( contains CSF) - arachnoid granulations

what is the pia mater?

most inner layer of the meninges. delicate CT that clings tightly to brain. contains many tiny blood vessels that feed brain' Elastic and Reticular fibers

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

- forms liquid cushion of constant volume around brain. -

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

in the parietal lobe. receives general sensory of skin , joints, tendons, etc

where and what is the calcarine sulcus

contains the primary visual cortex / occipital lobe. it interprets the shape, intensity , color, size, and mapping of an object in the visual field

Cingulate Gyrus

arc shaped and lies on the cerebral hemisphere. a part of limbic system. connects sensroy input to emotions. emotional responses to pain

Postcentral gyrus

in the lateral paritel lobe. and is in the primary somatosensory cortex. receives and integrates snesnory infomation in terms of touch, pain, temp, vibration

Caudate nucleus

center of the brain and plays a role in planning the execution of movement, learning, memory, emotions, etc

Putamen

outer part of the nucleus of brain. learning and motor control, speech, language function, reward.

Globus pallidus

control consciousness and movement.

DSSPTVRR

list the correct order of he flow of CSF

Left lateral ventricle Interventricular foramen Third ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Lateral & median apertures Subarachnoid space Arachnoid granulations

Left hemisphere

language , communicate (numbers music logic)

Right hemisphere

visualizing , deals with spatial patterns.

the 2 lateral ventricles are found?

within the cerebral hemisphere

Process of inhibiting melatonin

Impulses are sent to the hypothalmus --> then sends impulse to the pineal gland and inhibits melatonin production

Pituitary gland is:

regulates growth, metabolism, reproduction through the hormones that it produces

Dura mater

outermost of the three meninges composed of dense irregular CT

Subarachnoid space contains

CSF

Arachnoid is

the middle meningnes

Cerebral hemispheres are divided by:

Longitudinal fissure

Cerebellum divides from the cerebral by t:

Transverse fissure

Frontal and parietal lobe is separated by

Central sulcus

Temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobe by

lateral sulcus

Midbrain includes

tectum and tegmentum

Hindbrain includes

Pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebrellum

Diencephalon includes

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Gray matter on the surface of the hemisphre is

Cerebral cortex

Superior and inferior colliculi regulate

visual and auditory reflexes

Cerebellum is responsibel for

coordinating skeletal muscle movements and posture by responding to sensory massages from the eyes, appartus, and proprioceptors

Basal ganglia are

masses of gray matter embedded within the cerebral white matter that regulate muscle movements such as starting, stopping

Pineal gland

produces the hormone melatonin

RAS helps

to filter out unimportant stimuli

Exam 3 Chapter 12 Flashcards

(63 cards)