Exam 3 Chapter 12 Flashcards
Cerebrum 4 lobes and functions
- frontal = reasoning and thought
- parietal = integrates sensory information
- temporal = process auditory information from ears
- occipital= processing visual information from the eyes
Cerebellum location and function
located below the cerebrum
= muscle coordination
= balance
= posture
= muscle tone
Diencephalon location and whats in diencephalon
location: above midbrain and below cerebrum
- thalamus : directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum
- hypothalamus : controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep and blood vessel constriction and dilation. ALSO EMOTIONS
–> also contains many important nuceli: mamillary bodies - Epithalamus: contains pineal gland and secretes melatonin
Midbrain location and function
- Located below Cerebrum
- responsible for eye and auditory reflexes
Pons
Located below mindbrain
responsible for certain reflex actions : sleep cycle, dreams, facial expression
Medulla Oblongata
Located at the bottom of the brainstem . connects to the spinal cord
regulates heart and blood vessel
digestion, respiration, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, blood pressure
Lateral ventricles location
Large C-shaped chambers located deep in each hemisphere.
separated by membranous septum pellucidum
Third ventricles lies in?
diencephalon. through the interventricular foramen
Fourth ventricle lies in?
in the brain stem (medulla oblongata) . also connected to the 3rd ventricle through cerebral aqueduct.
4 area of cortex of frontal lobe
- primary motor cortex
- premotor cortex
-brocas area - frontal eye field
What cells are in the primary motor cortex?
Pyramidal cells (neuron)
- allow conscious control of movement.
Premotor cortex
helps plan movement.
list all sensory areas
- primary somatosensory cortex
- somatosensory association cortex
- visual areas
- auditory areas
- gustatory cortex
- visceral sensory area
- vestibular cortex
- olfactory cortex
from the sensory areas, which ones are in insula?
- gustatory cortex
- visceral sensory area
- vestibular cortex
Each hemispheres basal nuclei:
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
Three regions of the brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Functional brain systems
- limbic system
- reticular formation
What is Fornix
in the limbic system and is a fiber tract that link limbic system regions
Spinal Chord 4 regions
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- spinal nerves
: afferent spinal nerve –> carries information from body to brain
: efferent spinal nerve –> carries information from the brain to the body
what is sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic: stress response
parasympathetic: rest and relaxed
White matter is?
Neuron axons that carry information
Gray matter / cortex
outside of the brain where it is lined with neuron cell
Corpus Callosum
connect the two hemispheres of the brain
Limbic system: Amygdala
invovled with fearful and anxious emotions
Hippocampus?
next to and interconnected with amygdala . has more to do with memory
Parahippocampal Gyrus
memory
What is in the insula cortex?
- gustatory cortex: taste
- visceral sensory area: upset stomatch or full bladder
- vestibular cortex: awareness of balance. position of head in space.
What is meninges
Membranes on the brain <3
What are the layers in meninges
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
What CT is dura mater? and the three main septa
fibrous CT
- flax cerebri: longitudinal fissure
- falx cerebelli: along vermis f cerebellum
- tentorium cerebelli
What is the arachnoid mater and tell me whats within it
middle layer of the meninges with web like extension.
- subarachnoid space ( contains CSF)
- arachnoid granulations
what is the pia mater?
most inner layer of the meninges. delicate CT that clings tightly to brain. contains many tiny blood vessels that feed brain’
Elastic and Reticular fibers
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- ## forms liquid cushion of constant volume around brain.
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
in the parietal lobe.
receives general sensory of skin , joints, tendons, etc
where and what is the calcarine sulcus
contains the primary visual cortex / occipital lobe. it interprets the shape, intensity , color, size, and mapping of an object in the visual field
Cingulate Gyrus
arc shaped and lies on the cerebral hemisphere. a part of limbic system.
connects sensroy input to emotions.
emotional responses to pain
Postcentral gyrus
in the lateral paritel lobe. and is in the primary somatosensory cortex.
receives and integrates snesnory infomation in terms of touch, pain, temp, vibration
Caudate nucleus
center of the brain and plays a role in planning the execution of movement, learning, memory, emotions, etc
Putamen
outer part of the nucleus of brain. learning and motor control, speech, language function, reward.
Globus pallidus
control consciousness and movement.
DSSPTVRR
list the correct order of he flow of CSF
Left lateral ventricle
Interventricular foramen
Third ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Lateral & median apertures
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid granulations
Left hemisphere
language , communicate (numbers music logic)
Right hemisphere
visualizing , deals with spatial patterns.
the 2 lateral ventricles are found?
within the cerebral hemisphere
Process of inhibiting melatonin
Impulses are sent to the hypothalmus –> then sends impulse to the pineal gland and inhibits melatonin production
Pituitary gland is:
regulates growth, metabolism, reproduction through the hormones that it produces
Dura mater
outermost of the three meninges
composed of dense irregular CT
Subarachnoid space contains
CSF
Arachnoid is
the middle meningnes
Cerebral hemispheres are divided by:
Longitudinal fissure
Cerebellum divides from the cerebral by t:
Transverse fissure
Frontal and parietal lobe is separated by
Central sulcus
Temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobe by
lateral sulcus
Midbrain includes
tectum and tegmentum
Hindbrain includes
Pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebrellum
Diencephalon includes
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
Gray matter on the surface of the hemisphre is
Cerebral cortex
Superior and inferior colliculi regulate
visual and auditory reflexes
Cerebellum is responsibel for
coordinating skeletal muscle movements and posture by responding to sensory massages from the eyes, appartus, and proprioceptors
Basal ganglia are
masses of gray matter embedded within the cerebral white matter that regulate muscle movements such as starting, stopping
Pineal gland
produces the hormone melatonin
RAS helps
to filter out unimportant stimuli
