Exam 3: Ch 8-11 Flashcards
Therapeutic alliance
Freudian belief. Emotional bond between therapist and patient. Gets its power through transference.
Transference
The natural act of applying the ways one thinks, feels, and behaves toward one important person toward another important person in a later relationship.
Ex: Patient may relate to their therapist in the way they relate to their mother, role model, or even superior enemy??
Countertransference
Reaction of the therapist toward the patient in response to their transference
Cure rate of psychoanalysis
Very low, even zero
For which cases may psychoanalysis actually be beneficial?
For complex, long-term mental disorders. Leichsering and Rabung conducted a study on 1053 patients and found that long-term psychoanalytic therapy was more effective than short-term
5 Shortcomings of Freud’s Theory
- Excessive complexity
- Case study method (and its uncheckable-ness)
- Vague definitions
- Untestable
- Sexism
Anna Freud
Freud’s favorite daughter. Continued her father’s work in the area of defense mechanisms. Published a survey of them
Major Deviations in neo-Freudianism from Freud’s Theory
- Less emphasis on sexuality (neo-Fs rebranded libido as general motivation towards life and creativity)
- Greater emphasis on conscious activities rather than unconscious (gave way to ego psychology)
- New focus on interpersonal relationships in the current period rather than instinctual drives and mental life (like childhood conflicts) as the sources of psychological difficulties
Ego psychology
Post-Freud. Focuses on the conscious aspects of the mind. Closer to modern-day psychotherapy rather than psychoanalysis. Focuses on perception, memory, learning, reasoning, and rational, conscious thinking
Alfred Adler
One of Freud’s former followers who believed that Freud focused too much on sex as the ultimate motivator. Instead, Adler championed social interest: the desire to relate positively and productively to others
Name the concept: Johnny felt like the dumbest kid in his class all throughout primary school. As an adult, Johnny makes a conscious, daily effort to keep up with reading and current events to avoid feeling so stupid or ill-informed ever again
Organ inferiority: People are motivated to compensate for whatever they felt was their weakest aspect in childhood
What does the following situation give rise to?
Young boys are raised with the expectation to act as members of the dominant gender, BUT their mother has ultimate control over much of their short lives thus far
Masculine Protest: Adults striving for power to compensate for feeling inferior as a child.
A specific kind of compensation coined by Adler.
The idea that everyone keeps a part of one’s self private; they wear a social mask when out in public.
Jung’s idea of Persona
Collective unconscious and archetypes
Jung’s idea that all people share innately human memories and ideas, most of which reside in the unconscious. Some of these are archetypes.
Archetypes: Inborn models of people, behaviors, and personalities than play a role in influencing human behavior
Anima
The prototypical idea of the female that is held in the mind of the male. The root of a man’s feminine side
-Jung
Animus
The prototypical idea of the male that is held in the idea of the female. The root of a woman’s masculine side
-Jung
Which new-Freudian proposed introversion vs extraversion?
Carl Jung
Jung’s four basic ways of thinking
Sensing: Establishes what is present
Thinking: Enables us to recognize the meaning of what is present
Feeling: Tells us the value of what is present
Intuiting: Assesses the implications of what is present
Horney’s Contributions
Disagreement with Freud’s idea of “penis envy” - Rather stated that women are likely jealous of the relative freedom men enjoy in society.
Comparable belief to Freud in that adult behavior is based on efforts to overcome the basic anxiety acquired in childhood.
Basic Anxiety
Horney’s concept of the determinant of adult behavior. It is the fear of being alone in the hostile world
Erikson and Freud
Erikson claimed to be a loyal Freudian but asserted that conflicts take place in the conscious mind as well as the unconscious. The conflicts of Erikson’s stages take place in the conscious mind. Major differences included the classification of Erikson’s theory as psychosocial (rather than sexual) and that if focuses on development throughout life rather than stopping at puberty.
Which theory is the following most in line with?
One may only relate to another through the image one holds in their mind of that other. When the other and the image are inconsistent, conflicts arise
Object relations theory
Which phase of Erikson’s corresponds with Freud’s oral stage?
Trust vs mistrust (0-2 years old). Child learns whether their needs will be met or ignored. Child develops confidence and hope that the basic needs will be met
Erikson’s stage that corresponds with Freud’s anal phase:
Autonomy vs shame and doubt. Child learns to control their bowels. Child learns who is in charge - conflict may arise. Balance is ideal
Erikson’s stage that corresponds with Freud’s phallic stage
Initiative vs Guilt. Child begins to fantasize about life as an adult. Includes sexual fantasies. Child develops sense of right and wrong. Leads to a principled adult morality. Child understands why there are rules rather than just blindly conforming
