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PSY 102 3012 (Psych) > Exam 3 (Ch. 7-9, 11) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Ch. 7-9, 11) Flashcards

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1
Q

cognition

A

acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using information

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2
Q

categories

A

grouped based on perceptual similarity

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3
Q

prototypes

A

embody the most typical features of concepts

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4
Q

IQ

A

intelligence quotient; average IQ=100

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5
Q

WAIS

A

wechsler adult intelligence score; adults over 16

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6
Q

divergent thinking

A

how well you can come up with different ways to solve problema

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7
Q

identical twins IQ

A

should be extremely similar (85%)

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8
Q

norm

A

expected average

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9
Q

developmental psychology

A

study of how humans grow and change throughout their entire lifespan

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10
Q

Jean Piaget

A

studied cognitive development and established the four stages of development

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11
Q

Stage 1: Sensorimotor

A

0-2 years; no real mental representations (later found to be false)

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12
Q

Stage 2: Pre-operational Stage

A

2-7 years; no real problem solving, lack conservation of number or volume

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13
Q

Stage 3: Concrete Operational Thought

A

7-11 years; can solve conservation problems if given a concrete example

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14
Q

Stage 4: Formal Operational Thought

A

12-adult; can think abstractly and hypothetically

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15
Q

gametes

A

sex cells; only have 23 chromosomes

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16
Q

zygote

A

0-2 weeks; conception and implantation

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17
Q

embryonic

A

2-8 weeks; organogenesis(systems/organs form) and teratogens,

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18
Q

fetal

A

2-9 months; birth

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19
Q

genome

A

set of chromosomes (46)

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20
Q

genotype

A

1 individual’s unique set of chromosomes

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21
Q

phenotype

A

physical and behavioral expression of genotype

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22
Q

teratogens

A

anything that causes birth defects

  • alcohol
  • drugs
  • bacteria/viruses
  • radiation
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23
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

babies exposed to alcohol in the womb are born with birth defects

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24
Q

sex-linked inheritance

A

involves genes on the x and y chromosomes

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25
Q

behavioral genetics

A

investigates the effects of heredity and environment on behavior (nature vs nurture)

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26
Q

attachment

A

bond between an infant and the primary caregiver

27
Q

Harry Harlow

A

used robot monkey and cloth monkey to test and prove that monkeys need contact comfort more than nourishment

28
Q

strange situation

A

study performed by Mary Ainsworth; baby left in a room with non-threatening stranger

29
Q

cooing

A

2-3 months; vowel sounds

30
Q

babbling

A

4-8 months; consonant and vowel combinations

31
Q

holophrastic

A

one year; first words

32
Q

authoritarian parenting style

A

strict, arbitrary rules, expect unquestioning obedience, value obedience to authority; leads to children being withdrawn, anxious and unhappy

33
Q

authoritative parenting style

A

high but realistic expectations, autonomy with age, encourage open communication; leads to happier children, higher self esteem, self reliance, and responsibility

34
Q

puberty

A

reproductive organs mature, assume adult body form

35
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstruation and ovulation

36
Q

crystalized intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge

37
Q

fluid intelligence

A

abstract reasoning, peaks in early 20s, declines slowly as people age

38
Q

social motives

A

acquired through experiences and interactions

39
Q

instincts

A

fixed behavior pattern specific to EVERY member of a species

40
Q

I/O psychology

A

industrial/organizational; behavior in the workplace

41
Q

mastery orientation

A

knowing you can improve at most things and master a few

42
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. physical: food, water, shelter, sleep
  2. safety: insurance, security
  3. belonging/love: family, friends, social life, s/o
  4. esteem/recognition: respect
  5. aesthetics: the need to have beautiful things
  6. self actualization: achieve what you’re capable of and give back
43
Q

sexual orientation

A

sexual interest determined by genes and hormones in the womb

44
Q

personality

A

tendency to behave, think and respond to most situations

45
Q

self efficacy

A

your belief in your own ability to succeed

46
Q

internal locus of control

A

sees self as primarily in control of behavior and consequences; associated with high self efficacy

47
Q

external locus of control

A

perceive events as in the hands of fate, luck or chance; associated with low self efficacy

48
Q

MMPI

A

used to screen for/diagnose psychiatric disorders

49
Q

Rorschach Tests

A

projective test that reveals insight into your inner thoughts, feelings, fears and conflicts

50
Q

imagery

A

the representation in the mind of a sensory experience; visual, auditory, gustatory, motor, olfactory, tactile

51
Q

object permanence

A

the realization that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight

52
Q

conservation

A

a given quantity or matter does not change despite being rearranged or transferred to a different container

53
Q

private speech

A

talking to oneself for guidance and self-regulation of behavior

54
Q

X chromosome

A

found in males and females

55
Q

Y chromosome

A

found only in males

56
Q

chromosomes

A

contain all genetic information necessary to make a human being

57
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

many genes influence a trait

58
Q

separation anxiety

A

fear shown by toddlers when parent leaves; 8-24 months, peaks between 12-18 months

59
Q

stranger anxiety

A

fear of strangers; common in infants around 6-12 months

60
Q

Elizabeth Kuler-Ross 5 Stages of Dying

A
  1. Denial
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
61
Q

repression

A

traumatic memories are buried in the unconscious

62
Q

projection

A

blaming your own unconscious impulses on something else or denying their existence

63
Q

Carl Jung

A

personality consisted of 3 parts: ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious

64
Q

Alfred Adler

A

emphasized unity of personality rather than separate components; founded individual psychology

PSY 102 3012 (Psych) (3 decks)

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