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PSY 102 3012 (Psych) > Exam 1 (Ch. 1-3) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Ch. 1-3) Flashcards

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1
Q

Theory

A

explanation of a phenomena within a domain

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

specific prediction within a theory

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3
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

structuralist, introspection, consciousness, est. first psych lab

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4
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Wundt’s student, structuralist, set up psych lab at Cornell

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5
Q

introspection

A

documentation of one’s own thoughts

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6
Q

structuralism

A

analyzes the basic elements of conscious mental experience

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7
Q

William James

A

wrote first psychology textbook, established stream of consciousness; functionalist

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8
Q

stream of consciousness

A

functions to help humans adapt to their environment

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9
Q

functionalism

A

concerned with how we use mental processes to adapt to their environment and what we use consciousness for

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10
Q

naturalistic observation

A

no attempt to influence behavior

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11
Q

case study

A

study of a single individual

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12
Q

survey

A

gather info by questionnaire about the attitudes, beliefs, experiences or behaviors of a group of people

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13
Q

sample

A

a part of a population, represented by “n”

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14
Q

population

A

entire group of interest to researchers, represented by “N”

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15
Q

experiments

A

to test causal hypothesis

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16
Q

placebo

A

harmless substance given to the control group in an experiment as a control for the placebo effect

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17
Q

EEG

A

overall electric activity of the whole brain; used for sleep studies and to identify brain death

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18
Q

FMRI

A

measures brain activity; cognitive neuroscience

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19
Q

dendrites

A

branch-like extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons (receiving end)

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20
Q

axon

A

tail-like extension of the neuron that transmits signals to the dendrites of other neurons to muscles, glands and other parts of the body (firing end)

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21
Q

neurotransmitter

A

specialized chemicals that facilitate or inhibit the transmission of impulses from one neuron to the next

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22
Q

action potential

A

the sudden reversal of the resting potential, which initiates the firing of a neuron

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23
Q

motor cortex

A

the strip of tissue at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary body movement and participates in learning and cognitive events

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24
Q

synapse

A

gap between sending and receiving neurons where communication takes place

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25
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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26
Q

autonomic

A

automatic

27
Q

sympathetic functions

A

involved in arousal or “fight or flight” response

28
Q

parasympathetic functions

A

opposite of sympathetic; calms your body down within minutes; key to psychotherapy techniques

29
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

made up of the brain and the spinal cord

30
Q

brainstem

A

handles functions critical to physical survival

31
Q

medulla

A

part of the brainstem; regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

32
Q

limbic system

A

emotional core, highly evolved in mammals; includes the amygdala and the hippocampus

33
Q

cerebral cortex

A

responsible for the higher mental process of language, memory and thinking

34
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

35
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory/naming

36
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory

37
Q

frontal lobe

A

motor and executive functions

38
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls language production

39
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls language comprehension

40
Q

aphasia

A

loss of the ability to use or understand language, resulting from damage to the brain

41
Q

corpus callosum

A

neural fibers that connect the two hemispheres and pass information between them

42
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

the right and left halves of the cerebrum; control movement and feeling on the opposing sides of the body

43
Q

sensation

A

stimulus hitting sense receptors

44
Q

perception

A

brain’s judgement of what the sensation is

45
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time

46
Q

JND (Just Noticeable Difference)

A

smallest change in sensation a person is able to detect 50% of the time

47
Q

retina

A

back of your eyeball; 120 million photo receptors

48
Q

cones

A

light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina; color, daylight, fine vision

49
Q

rods

A

light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina ; black and white, peripheral vision, night vision

50
Q

fovea

A

center of vision, most dense concentration of cones

51
Q

blind spot

A

point where optic nerve leaves the back of the retina

52
Q

optic nerve

A

nerve that carries visual information from each retina to both sides of the brain

53
Q

optic chiasm

A

optic nerves cross just above the pituitary gland and hypothalamus

54
Q

Gestalt

A

German word meaning “whole”

55
Q

closure

A

when an incomplete picture is seen as complete

56
Q

visual cliff

A

an apparatus used to test depth perception in infants

57
Q

retinal disparity

A

the difference between 2 retinal images that provides an important cue for depth perception

58
Q

perceptual constancy

A

the phenomenon that allows us to perceive objects as maintaining their shape and size despite differences in viewing angle or distance

59
Q

depth perception

A

the ability to perceive the visual world in 3D and to judge distances accurately

60
Q

monocular depth cues

A

depth cues that can be perceived by one eye alone

61
Q

interposition

A

when one object partially blocks your view of another, you perceive the partially blocked object as farther away

62
Q

ESP

A

gaining information about objects, events, or another person’s thoughts through some means other than the known sensory channels

63
Q

opperational definition

A

precise description of a variable in a study/experiment

PSY 102 3012 (Psych) (3 decks)

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