Exam 3 (Ch. 6 Stimulants) Flashcards
The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe was initially in the form of
drinks; coca wine
Dr. W. S. Halsted, the “father of American surgery,” experimented with cocaine’s ability to produce
local anesthesia
Which famous physician studied cocaine as a treatment for morphine dependence and depression?
Sigmund Freud
The 1914 New York Times article, “Negro Cocaine ‘Fiends’ are a New Southern menace,”
erroneously said that cocaine increased homicidal tendencies and improved marksmanship.
What did the 1914 Harrison Act do?
taxed importation and sale of coca, cocaine, and opium
Most illicit cocaine in the U.S. is powder cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride), which is
too stable to be smoked.
The passage of the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act
came after over a thousand stories about cocaine had appeared in the national media.
Although National Survey on Drug Use and Health data indicates greater prevalence of illicit drug use among white
Americans, black Americans represented more than 80 percent of those arrested for
violation of federal crack cocaine laws.
In the text, the discussion of media depictions of powder cocaine use in the early 20th century and crack cocaine use in the
1980s was used to illustrate that
the U.S. media and drug policies may target people of color disproportionately.
Cocaine’s effects in the brain
- result from blocking serotonin reuptake.
- result from blocking dopamine reuptake.
- result from blocking norepinephrine reuptake.
The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by
insufflation (snorting).
What is cocaine still used for medically?
It is used as a local anesthetic for nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal surgeries.
Cocaethylene
is formed in the body when cocaine and alcohol are used together.
When laboratory animals are given unlimited opportunities to self-administer cocaine injection
they will readily self-administer it.
Cocaine use during pregnancy now appears to be associated with
no consistent negative associations with physical growth, test scores, or language in children.
Illicit cocaine comes to the U.S. primarily from
South America.
Amphetamine was developed initially as a substitute for a closely related chemical derived from the Chinese herb ma
huang. That chemical is
ephedrine.
Which of these was NOT one of the early medical uses for amphetamine first studied in the 1930s?
treating anxiety
During World War II, amphetamines
were used to decrease fatigue by several nations’ militaries.
Illicit use of intravenous amphetamines first became a big public concern in
the 1960s.
Crystal meth refers to
methamphetamine crystals, which may be smoked.
Studies of the mechanism of action of the amphetamines have focused mainly on
release of norepinephrine and dopamine.
Which of the following is true about the current use of amphetamines to treat depression?
Amphetamines are used as mostly as an adjunctive therapy.
The effect of amphetamines on weight control:
is real, but small and limited in duration.
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are characteristics of
ADHD.
One “non-stimulant” medication that has been approved for ADHD does not appear to have abuse potential. Atomoxetine
is sold under the brand name
Strattera.
One of the more disturbing side effects of treating ADHD with amphetamines or methylphenidate (Ritalin) is
decreased height and weight gains in children.
The ability of stimulants to improve mental performance
depends on the complexity of the task and the dose.
Paranoid psychosis can be produced by:
high doses of amphetamines.
