Exam 2 (Ch.10; pg.297; Tobacco) Flashcards
Tobacco use became popular in European culture because?
It was associated with wealth and status
The commercial species of Nicotiana that is grown for tobacco products is
Nicotiana tobacum
During the 18th century, which method of use of tobacco increased in England?
Snuff
Chewing was the most popular form of tobacco use until about 1900, but by 1920 the most popular form was
Cigars
Over 90 percent of all U.S. cigarettes sold are now
filter cigarettes
Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S. began to decline
after the 1964 Surgeon General’s report
In 2000, the U.S Supreme Court ruled that the FDA
had no authority to regulate tobacco products
Reynolds was unable to market Premier, a plastic cigarette containing catalytic crystals coated with tobacco extract, because
The FDA considered them a “nicotine delivery device” rather than an agricultural product
One big factor associated with lower rates of cigarette smoking among adults is
higher level of education
The biggest health concern for users of smokeless tobacco has been
cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
One recent fad in tobacco use has been
hookahs (water pipes)
Although lung cancer is not common, about ____ percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers
80
People who switch to low tar and nicotine brand cigarettes
typically take more and deeper puffs and probably get no safety benefit
Annual “smoking attribute mortality” in the U.S is estimated at
440,000
In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency declared that
secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen that increases lung cancer risk
One of the most consistent and best-documented effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is
low birth weight
Nicotine acts in the brain by
first stimulating and then blocking cholinergic receptors
As a potent poison, nicotine causes death by
paralysis of respiration muscles
The psychological effect of cigarette smoking is
Arousal and activation-a mild stimulant effect & Calm and relaxation- a mild anti-anxiety effect
Recent research on the dependence produced by nicotine has focused on genetic differences related to
acetylcholine receptors
About 90 percent of the more than 40 million former smokers in the U.S report that
they quit smoking without a treatment program
Gum, patches, lozenges, and inhalers are all various forms of
nicotine replacement therapy
In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
authorized the FDA to regulate tobacco products in specific ways
In July 2011, the nicotine vaccine NicVax was
found to be no better than placebo
