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BIO 113 - WI 16 @ OU > Exam 3 (Ch. 32-40) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Ch. 32-40) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animal Characteristics

A

Animals are all multicellular
Animals are all chemoheterotrophs
Most animals ingest their food
Animals have no cell walls
Animals use structural proteins for support
Most animals have a nervous system
Most animals have a muscular system
Most animals utilize sexual reproduction, although asexual reproduction is not rare
Animals have a small, motile and flagellated, male reproductive cell – the sperm
Animals have a large non-motile female reproductive cell – the egg

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2
Q

Zygote

A

Diploid cell made up of the 2 haploid reproductive cells, the sperm and the egg

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3
Q

Blastula

A

A multicellular hollow ball formed from the cleavage of the zygote

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4
Q

Gastrula

A

Formed from gastrulation, it’s when embryonic tissues are formed (i.e. endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm)

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5
Q

Parazoa

A

Animals without true tissues

Sponges are the only living kind

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6
Q

Eumetazoa

A

Animals with true tissues

Every animal besides sponges

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7
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer layer of embryonic tissue formed from gastrulation. Ends up forming the outer covering of animals

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8
Q

Endoderm

A

Inner layer of embryonic tissue formed from gastrulation. Ends up forming the digestive tract and the associated organs of the digestive tract

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9
Q

Mesoderm

A

Layer of tissue in between the endoderm and ectoderm formed from gastrulation. Forms the muscles and organs
NOT found in radiata (cnidarians and ctenophores)

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10
Q

Acoelomates

A

Animals that have a solid body with no cavities between the layers of tissue (e.g. flatworms)

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11
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A

Have a cavity between the endoderm and mesoderm (e.g. roundworms)

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12
Q

Coelomates

A

Have a body cavity surrounded by the mesoderm (e.g. humans)

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13
Q

Protostomes

A

One group of coelomates based on its embryonic development: zygote cleavage is spiral and determinate
Blastopore develops into mouth

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14
Q

Deuterstomes

A

One group of coelomates based on its embryonic development: zygote cleavage is radial and indeterminate
Blastopore develops into anus

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15
Q

Cotyledon

A

Seed Leaf

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16
Q

Monocot

A 
One cotyledon (seed leaf)
Parallel veins in leaf
Scattered vascular bundles in stem
Fibrous root systems (usually)
Flower parts in threes
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17
Q

Eudicot

A 
Two cotyledons (seed leaves)
Veins usually net-like
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Taproot usually present
Flower parts in fours or fives
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18
Q

Taproot

A

A long vertical root with small lateral roots

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19
Q

Shoot System

A

Stems are divided into nodes and internodes

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20
Q

Nodes

A

Where the leaves are attached

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21
Q

Internodes

A

The are between 2 nodes

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22
Q

Axillary Bud

A

Located at the intersection of stem and leaf

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23
Q

Terminal (Apical) Bud

A

Located at the tip of a growing stem

24
Q

Stolons

A

Horizontal stems that allow plants to spread over a large area

25
Q

Rhizomes

A

Horizontal underground stems

26
Q

Tubers

A

Ends of rhizomes modified for food storage

27
Q

Bulbs

A

Vertical underground stems

28
Q

Corms

A

Short, swollen stems

29
Q

Parenchyma

A

Relatively undifferentiated cells

Involved in metabolic functions

30
Q

Collenchyma

A

Provides support for the growing portion of the plant

31
Q

Sclerenchyma

A

Provides support, contains lignin

32
Q

Plant Tissues

A

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, and phloem

33
Q

Xylem

A

The woody part of the plant. Contains tracheids and vessel elements. Transport water and minerals

34
Q

Phloem

A

Consists of sieve-tube elements (special cells without organelles). Transport food

35
Q

Meristems

A

These are the growing stems of the plant

36
Q

Apical (Primary) Meristem

A

On tips of roots and shoots

37
Q

Lateral (Secondary) Meristem

A

On the sides of roots and shoots

38
Q

Primary Growth of a Plant

A

Produces the primary plant body which consists of 3 tissues: dermal, vascular, and ground tissue. This is the growth that makes the plants taller and longer

39
Q

Secondary Growth of a Plant

A

Increase in the diameter of a plant. Produces the main parts of wood and bark

40
Q

Three Zones of Primary Growth of a Root

A
  1. Meristem and root cap
  2. Zone of Maturation
  3. Zone of Elongation
41
Q

Three Layers of the Root

A
  1. Outer Layer = Epidermis
  2. Middle Layer = Cortex
  3. Inner Layer = Root Core
42
Q

Root Core

A

Where the xylem and phloem develop

43
Q

Stem Growth

A
  1. Outer Layer = Cortex
  2. Inner Layer = Pith
    Has vascular bundles
44
Q

Vascular Cambium

A

Produces secondary xylem (wood) to the inside and secondary phloem (inner bark) to the outside

45
Q

Cork Cambium

A

Produces the outer bark

46
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilegnous fish with jaws (sharks, skates, and rays)

47
Q

Actinopterygii

A

Ray-finned fish with jaws

48
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

Coelacanths and lungfishes with jaws

49
Q

Oviparous

A

Lay eggs

50
Q

Ovoviparous

A

Eggs are in the female but no placenta for nourishment

51
Q

Viviparous

A

Eggs are in the uterus and receive nourishment from placenta

52
Q

Osteichthyans

A

Vertebrates with a BONY skeleton, including bony fish

53
Q

Operculum

A

A protective flap covering gills

54
Q

Anura

A

Frogs and toads

55
Q

Apoda

A

Caecilians

56
Q

Urodela

A

Salamanders

BIO 113 - WI 16 @ OU (3 decks)

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