Exam 3 Ch 14 part 1

Question 1

What Clade did we learn that Phylum Echinodermata fell into?

Answer 1

Clade Ambulacraria (tree-lined path)

Question 2

Clade Ambulacraria contains what two deuterostome phyla?

Answer 2

Echinodermata and Hemichordata

Question 3

What do members of Clade Ambulacraria share?

Answer 3

3 part coelom
similar larval forms
axial complex

Question 4

Is their mesoderm formed by inpocketing or outpocketing?

Answer 4

outpocketing

Question 5

What is regulative development?

Answer 5

cell fate is determined by communication with cells around it.

Question 6

Explain adult versus larval symmetry in Echinodermata.

Answer 6

Adults have pentaradial symmetry while the larva are bilateral symmetrical

Question 7

Echinodermata are restricted to marine environments because?

Answer 7

they cannot osmoregulate.

Question 8

Their endoskeleton is 95% calcium carbonate, and has what three structures?

Answer 8

ossicles or plates, spines, and pedicellariae (tiny pincher that has a muscle allowing it to open and close.)

Question 9

Their unique water vascular system replaces which systems that are present in other animals?

Answer 9

skeletal and circulatory system

Question 10

What are dermal branchiae used for?

Answer 10

respiration

Question 11

Echinoderms have mutable connective tissue made of…

Answer 11

Catch collagen

Question 12

Are they monoecious or dioecious?

Answer 12

dioecious

Question 13

In Class Asteroidea, they have a central disc and 5+ arms, and what other special structures on the aboral surface?

Answer 13

spines, pedicellariae, dermal branchiae, and a madreporite.

Question 14

What structures are on the oral surface of Class Asteroidea?

Answer 14

the mouth, Ambulacrum, and Ambulacral groove.

Question 15

Explain the characteristics of the digestive system in Class Asteroidea.

Answer 15

predators of bivalves, because they are slow
2-part stomach (cardiac and pyloric)
enormous digestive glands in each arm

Question 16

Explain the characteristics of the reproductive system in Class Asteroidea.

Answer 16

Dioecious
pair of gonads in each arm
external fertilization
Regeneration of lost parts
autotomy (can drop a leg)

Question 17

In Class Echinoidea, what is their special feeding structure called?

Answer 17

Aristotle’s lantern

Question 18

In Class Echinoidea, what is used for locomotion?

Answer 18

tube feet, as well as spikes

Question 19

In class Echinoidea, what is different from Asteroidea in terms of body plan?

Answer 19

they have internal pentaradial symmetry instead of external.

Question 20

In class Echinoidea, what is different about the Ambulacral grooves?

Answer 20

they are closed and radial canals run beneath test.

Question 21

For irregular Echinoids, like sand dollars and heart urchins, what are spines used for?

Answer 21

To filter particles

Question 22

In Class Ophiuroidea, where is the madreporite located?

Answer 22

on oral surface

Question 23

In Class Ophiuroidea, what is used for respiration?

Answer 23

bursal slits are used for gas exchange and also for brood chambers.

Question 24

In Class Ophiuroidea, what two structures are absent?

Answer 24

dermal branchiae and pedicellariae

Question 25

In Class Ophiuroidea, where are visceral organs located?

Answer 25

in the central disc

Question 26

In Class Ophioroidea, describe the Ambulacral groove.

Answer 26

It is closed and covered with ossicles.

Question 27

Describe the distinctive mouth of organisms in Class Ophiuroidea.

Answer 27

there are five moveable plates that surround the mouth and jaw

Question 28

Are brittle stars capable of regeneration?

Answer 28

Yes.

Question 29

In Class Holothuroidea, what is used for locomotion?

Answer 29

ventral tube feet and muscular body waves to move.

Question 30

In Class Holothuroidea, how is gas exchange achieved?

Answer 30

by respiratory trees, skin, and tube feet.

Question 31

In Class Holothuroidea, what do they call the 10-30 modified tube feet surrounding the mouth?

Answer 31

oral tentacles

Question 32

Class Holothuroidea has reduced ossicles and an extended…

Answer 32

oral-aboral body axis.

Question 33

Are sea lillies sessile?

Answer 33

yes.

Question 34

IN Class Crinoidea, what is the crown composed of?

Answer 34

the calyx, arms and pinnules.

Question 35

What is unusual about the mouth and anus of class crinoidea?

Answer 35

they are both on the upper surface.

Question 36

What structures are missing from Crinoideans?

Answer 36

no madreporite, spines, or pedicellariae

Question 37

How do those organisms in Class Crinoidea feed?

Answer 37

on small organisms using tube feet and mucous strands.