exam 3: ATI CHPT.8 Flashcards
disaster
event that causes human suffering and demands more resources than are available in the community.
-can be naturally occurring, man-made, or both (natural disaster causing technological failure)
disaster preparedness
includes planning for all types od hazards and establishing protocols for managing the surge of clients in the health care system
disaster prevention (mitigation)
-includes activities to prevent natural and man-made disasters (increasing surveillance, improving inspections and airport security, and immunization/quarantine)
-strengthing barriers to prevent flooding
-teaching methods of preventing communicable diseases
-include identification and assessment of populations at risk
populations at risk for disasters
-fewer resources
-less of an ability to withstand a disaster w/o physical harm
-tend to be physically isolated, disabled, or unable to access disaster services
strategic emergency planning
strategy to prevent loss of lives in susceptible populations
disaster preparedness
-occurs at the national, state, and local levels.
-Personal and family preparedness are crucial components
-professional preparedness for individuals employed in civil service and health care.
disaster preparedness stems from
threats and vulnerabilities identified at the prevention level and should coordinate community efforts as well as outline the specific roles of local agencies.
individual and family disaster preparedness includes
-creating an action plan
-determining alternative methods of communication
-highlighting possible evacuation routes
-identifying local and distant meeting places
-creating a disaster kit
communication plan
-important
-should provide for access to emergency agencies (Red cross, state, and federal government agencies)
disaster drills
replicate possible scenarios in the local area and enhance the preparedness of community members, government agencies, healthcare facilities, and businesses
disaster response
Disaster management response includes an initial assessment of the span of the disaster.
-How many people are affected?
-How many are injured or dead?
-How much fresh water and food is available?
-What are the areas of risk or sanitation problems?
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
provides structure for managing any type of disaster, incorporating various public and private agencies
the goal of NIMS
effective communication and a clear chain of command to manage disasters
agencies involved with disaster response
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the CDC, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), American Red Cross (ARC), Office of Emergency Management (OEM), and the public health system.
if federal emergency is declared
the national response framework (NRF) is activated and provides direction for an organized, effective national response
disaster recovery
begins when danger no longer exists and needed representative and agencies are available to assist with rebuilding
how long does recovery last in a community disaster
until the economic and civil life of the community are restored, which can be days, weeks, or even years
how long does recovery last in an individual disaster
it is the time it takes an individual to become functional within a community after a disaster.
important aspects of disaster recovery
communicable disease and sanitation controls
what is common during the aftermath of disasters
-Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and delayed stress reactions (DSR)
-affects both caregivers and victims
phases of emotional reaction during a disaster
heroic, honeymoon, disillusionment, and reconstruction
heroic phase
-Intense excitement and concern for survival.
-Often a rush of assistance from outside the area is present.
honeymoon phase
Affected individuals begin to bond and relive their experiences.
disillusionment phase
-Responders can experience depression and exhaustion.
-Phase contains unexpected delays in receiving aid.
reconstruction phase
-Involves adjusting to a new reality and continued rebuilding of the area.
-Counseling is sometimes needed.
-Those affected begin looking ahead.
Risk assessment questions
-populations at risk
-previous disasters
-size of area affected in worst case scenario
-community disaster plan
-warning systems
-disaster response teams
-resource facilities
-evacuation measures
-environmental dangers
disaster planning
-Develop a disaster response plan based on the most probable disaster threats.
-identify warning system
-identify first responders’ plan
-list of agencies for disaster management levels
-define nursing roles in triage
-identify specific role of personnel involved in disaster response and the chain of command
-locate all equipment/supplies
-check equipment
-evaluate efficiency, and response time during drills
-Assist community members with personal preparedness by having a plan for evacuation and making a disaster kit.
-Talk with medical facilities and governing agencies about crisis standards of care to determine how care standards might be altered to manage a large surge of clients.
disaster kits should include
at least 3 days’ supply of food, water, medication, clothing, and hygiene items per person, copies of personal documents, and first aid supplies.
disaster response
-Activate the disaster management plan.
-Perform triage
-Collaborate with response partners to develop plans for triage algorithms.
-Identify and place public health nurses and other support personnel to provide care according to the developed algorithms.
triage involves
identifying those who have serious versus minor injuries, prioritizing care of victims, and transferring those requiring immediate attention to medical facilities.
Red triage
injury to:
-airway/breathing
-uncontrolled/severe bleeding
-severe burns
-signs of shock
-open chest/abdominal wounds
yellow triage
-burns with no airway problems
-major/multiple bone or joint injuries
-back injuries with or w/o spinal cord injuries
green triage
-minor fractures
-minor soft tissue injuries
