exam 3: ATI CHPT.7 Flashcards
factors that threaten health
-low income
-difficulty accessing healthcare (uninsured)
-poor self-esteem
-young/advanced age
-chronic stress
-environmental factors
-presence of communicable disease
-racial/ethnic minority
-discrimination
health disparities
significant differences in health status and access to health services across varied groups
health disparities can be linked to
preferred sexual orientation, ethnicity, race, education, and income differences
national health goals: increases in
-number of people who have a routine PCP
-number of people who have health insurance
national health goals: decreases in
-the number of people who are unable to access, or have a delay in accessing, health care services and prescribed medications
-the number of people w/disabilities who report physical barriers to accessing health and wellness programs in the community
nursing actions for vulnerable populations
-advocate for social justice and the elimination of health disparities
-create rapport and provide a safe environment
-be knowledgeable about population characteristics (investigate an individual’s preferences that may differ from population trends)
-facilitate care coordination among providers, facilities, and community resources
-Advocate for the needs of the population, with focus on preventive services.
-Assist the client in obtaining as much control over personal health and health care as possible.
-Develop an interprofessional network to assist with improving the health of the population.
homicide
-often related to substance use
-most homicides are committed by someone known to the victim and occur during an argument
-violence often precedes homicide among families
-increasing among adolescents
assault
-males higher risk
-youth higher risk
rape
-often unreported
-most incidences are marital or date rape
-females higher risk
-risk is increases in cities, between 8pm-2am, weekends, and summer
human trafficking
-It affects all races, ages, and genders
-women and children under the age of 18 are at an increased risk.
Suicide according to the CDC
-Rates of suicide are highest among individuals 35 to 64 years of age.
-Females are more likely to attempt suicide; however, males are more likely to complete suicide.
-Caucasians are more likely than other ethnic groups to commit suicide.
risk factors of suicide
-depression or other mental health disorders
-substance use
-having access to a firearm
-partner violence or neglect issues.
physical violence
occurs when pain or harm results
physical violence toward infant/child
shaken baby syndrome
physical violence toward spouse/partner
striking/strangling
physical violence toward an older adult
pushing older adult in their home, causing them to fall
sexual violence
occurs when sexual contact take place w/o consent
emotional violence
includes behavior that minimizes an individual’s feelings of self-worth or humiliates, threatens, or intimidates a family member.
neglect
includes the failure to provide the following.
-Physical care, such as food shelter, and hygiene
-Emotional care and/or stimulation necessary to achieve developmental milestones, such as speaking and interacting with a child
-Education for a child
-Needed health or dental care
individual risk factors for violence
-History of being abused or exposure to violence
-Low self-esteem
-Fear and distrust of others
-Poor self-control
-Inadequate social skills
-Minimal social support/isolation
-Immature motivation for marriage or childbearing
-Weak coping skills
recognizing potential child maltreatment
-Unexplained injury
-Unusual fear of the nurse and others
-Injuries/wounds not mentioned in history
-Fractures, including older healed fractures
-Presence of injuries/wounds/fractures in various stages of healing
-Subdural hematomas
-Trauma to genitalia
-Malnourishment or dehydration
-General poor hygiene or inappropriate dress for weather conditions
-Parent considers the child to be a “bad child, worthless, or burdensome.”
economic maltreatment
-Failure to provide for the needs of a person in need when adequate funds are available
-Unpaid bills when another person is managing the finances
-Theft of or misuse of money or property
recognizing potential older adult abuse
-Unexplained or repeated physical injuries
-Physical neglect and unmet basic needs
-Rejection of assistance by caregiver
-Financial mismanagement
-Withdrawal and passivity
-Depression
-Mental anguish and fear
social and community violence risk factors
-Work stress
-Unemployment
-Media exposure to violence
-Crowded living conditions
-Poverty
-Feelings of powerlessness
-Social isolation
-Lack of community resources (playgrounds, parks, theaters)
primary prevention strategies to reduce societal violence
-teach conflict resolution, anger management, and coping strategies
-parenting classes (to teach appropriate discipline)
-community resources to protect from violence
-promote public understanding about aging process and safety for older adults
-assist in removing/reducing factors that contribute to stress
-encourage older adults to safeguard their funds
-teach that no one has the right to touch or hurt another person
-teach how to report cases of abuse
-advocate for legislation designed to assist support adult independence, assist caregivers, and increase funding for programs that supply services to low-income, at-risk individuals.
secondary prevention for reducing societal violence
-Identify and screen those at risk for abuse and individuals who are potential abusers. (especially pregnant women)
-Assess and evaluate any unexplained bruises or injuries of any individual.
-Refer sexual assault or rape survivors to a local emergency department for assessment by a sexual assault abuse team. (no bathing to keep evidence)
-Assess and counsel anyone contemplating suicide or homicide and refer the individual to the appropriate services.
-Assess and help offenders address and deal with the stressors that can be causing or contributing to the abuse (mental illness, substance use).
-Alert all involved about available resources within the community
tertiary prevention for reducing societal violence
-Establish parameters for long-term follow-up and supervision.
-Make resources in the community available to survivors of violence (telephone numbers of crisis lines and shelters).
-foster care
-Refer all involved to mental health professionals for long-term assistance.
-Provide grief counseling to families
-Develop support groups for caregivers and survivors of violence.
-Support and educate the offender, even though a report must be made.
caring for clients who experience violence
-Build trust and confidence with a client.
-Focus on the client rather than the situation.
-Assess for immediate danger.
-Provide emergency care as needed.
-Work with the client to develop a plan for safety.
-Make needed referrals for community services and legal options.
-If abuse is suspected or has occurred, complete mandatory reporting, following state and agency guidelines.
substance use disorders
involved the maladaptive use of substances resulting in threats to an individual’s health or social/economic funding
SUD affects
-family dynamics leading to codependency
-cause more disability, death and illness than any other health condition
recovery from SUD
-occurs over years and usually involves relapse
-strong support system (family, 12-step programs, and self-help groups) are necessary
dependence
a pattern of pathological, compulsive use of substances, and involves physiological and psychological dependence
