Exam 3 Antivirals

Question 1

4 mechanisms of action in antiviral drugs

Answer 1

1. alter uncoating of virus
2. polymerase inhibitors
3. inhibit viral protein synthesis
4. target reverse transcriptase which blocks viral replication

Question 2

name the 6 classes of antiretroviral drugs used to manage HIV

Answer 2

1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
2. protease inhibitors
3. non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
4. fusion protien inhibitors
5. integrase inhibitors
6. nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 3

Which class of drug has no effect on cells that already have HIV?

Answer 3

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (drug is integrated into DNA polymerase to that synthesis of viral DNA is terminated -> inhibits viral enzyme reverse transcriptase = blocks viral replication)

Question 4

Which class of drug interferes with action of HIV infected cells?

Answer 4

Protease inhibitors

Question 5

What class of drug does not require bioactivation (resistance develops quickly if used alone)

Answer 5

Non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 6

Which class of drug prevents integration of proviral gene into DNA?

Answer 6

Integrase inhibitor

Question 7

Name 8 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 7

1. abacavir (Ziagen)
2. tenofovir (Viread)
3. didanosine (Videx)
4. emtricitabine (Emtriva)
5. lamivudine (Epivir)
6. stavudine (Zerit)
7. zalcitabine (Hivid)
8. zidovudine (Retrovir) = AZT

Question 8

MOA for Retrovir

Answer 8

inhibits HIV synthesis and reduces morbidity/mortality from AIDS

Question 9

4 oral side effects of Retrovir

Answer 9

1. altered taste
2. tongue edema
3. bleeding gingiva
4. mouth ulcers

Question 10

Retrovir potentiates toxicity (decreases metabolism) with which 3 drugs?

Answer 10

1. acetaminophen
2. aspirin
3. indomethacin
   (NSAIDS)

Question 11

4 side effects of Retrovir

Answer 11

1. toxic
2. bone marrow
3. depression
4. nausea

Question 12

Goals of medication therapy for patients with HIV infections:

1. Target structural and functional differences between ____ and ___ proteins. Tx of HIV requires _____. _____ are used to improve effect
2. Prevent ____ infections

Answer 12

viral
human
HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
Cocktails
Opportunistic

Question 13

What is the antiviral triple cocktail made up of?

Answer 13

2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

1 protease inhibitor

Question 14

Name 8 opportunistic infections and their treatment

Answer 14

1. pneumocysis carinii - sulfa drugs
2. viral infections - acyclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet
3. Candidiasis - fluconazole ketoconazole
4. cryptococcus & histoplasmosis - amphotericin B
5. TB - isoniazid, rifampin
6. CMV - ganciclovir
7. EBV - acyclovir
8. linear gingival erythema and NUP