Exam 2 Endocrine Flashcards
androgen is used for the treatment of what 4 things?
1, delayed male puberty
- hypogonadism
- inoperable female breast cancer
- loss of libido in post menopausal women
2 benefits of testosterone therapy
1, decrease fat mass
2. increase muscle power
4 risks of testosterone therapy
- increased prostate
- cardiovascular risks
- water retention
- problems with fertility
Why anabolic steroids enhance athletic performance?
Exhibit more ____ effects: no _____ effects
Increases muscle = can increase mass by ___%
Used by athletes to increase muscle mass and _____ ____
anabolic
androgenic
30%
physical performance
Abuse of anabolic steroids can lead to what 5 things?
- mental depression
- sodium retention
- cholestatic jaundice
- temporary impotence
- impotence
Estrogen’s effect as a ovulatory inhibitor
Inhibits FSH secretion and thus ovulatory stimulation is inhibited
Progesterone’s effect as an ovulatory inhibitor
Alters endometrium development - tenacious mucus secreted under the influence of progesterone is probably a hostile environment for sperm
12 adverse effects associated with oral contraceptive use
- MI/stroke
- stroke risk increase if smoker over 35 years of age
- nausea/vomiting
- headache
- breast pain
- weight gain
- breakthrough menstrual bleeding
- mental depression
- fatigue
- lack of initiative
- corneal sensitivity
- retinal thrombosis
- optic neuritis (diplopia)
Dental considerations associated with oral contraceptive use. Mimic effect of _____ on gingiva. Mild inflammation, ____, spontaneous gingival bleeding. Loss of ____ tone. Tenderness and _____. may decrease defense to ____ ____ resulting in irritation or progression of periodontal disease.
pregancy hyperemia tissue ulceration plaque bacteria
Why does antibiotics make BC less effective?
Antibiotics alter normal bacterial flora in gut
BC are inactive and get activated by normal flora
Active drug absorbed
If there is not enough normal flora in the gut, then drug is not activated therefore risk of pregnancy
6 antibiotics that do NOT affect oral contraceptives
- tetracycline
- doxycycline
- ampicillin
- metronidazole
- fluconazole
- fluoroquinolones
4 therapeutic uses of hormones
- replace
- diagnose
- stimulate
- inhibit
Use of GnRH in medicine: Stimulates release of ____ and ____. Action is at testes or ovaries to induce ______ and ___ ____ ____. Only hypothalamic hormone that is used as a ____. Also used for ____ induction in women with primary hypothalamic amenorrhea. _____ is an analog used as ovulatory stimulant. In men, treats idiopathic _____ _____ and GnRH replacement therapy results in achieving mature _______.
LH FSH gametogenesis gonadal hormone production drug ovulation clomiphene (Clomid) hypogonadotropic hypogonadism spermatogenesis
Which hormone is used as a diagnostic tool to diagnose adrenal dysfunction?
ACTH
ACTH: alternative to _____ in inflammatory conditions, stimulates release of ____ from adrenal gland, and ____ feedback to shut down ACTH output from pituitary
corticosteroids
glucocorticoids
cortisone
What is the most adundant hormone in anterior pituitary
Grow hormone (aka somatotropin)
____ used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between pituitary and primary hypothyroidism
TSH
___ induces ovulation and regulates progesterone secretion in women, testosterone secretion in men
LH
what are the 2 posterior pituitary hormones?
- Vasopression - ADH - vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic hormone, used for replacement in diabetes insipidus
- Oxytocin - pitocin - contracts uterine SM at term and control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage
How are ADH and OXY similar to each other?
Oxytocin has slight antidiuretic function and high levels of vasopressin can trigger uterine contractions
