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Pharm II > Exam 2 respiratory > Flashcards

Exam 2 respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the association between nasal decongestants and epinephrine?

A

Decongestants are sympathomimetics and may enhance cardiac stimulation (tachycardia) and elevate BP

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2
Q

MOA for beta adrenergic agonists

A

targets beta 2 receptors in airway - bronchodilation

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3
Q

3 short acting beta adrenergic agonists

A
  1. albuterol
  2. levalbuterol
  3. pirbuterol
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4
Q

2 long acting beta adrenergic agonists

A
  1. salmeterol

2. salmeterol with fluticasone (Advair) - contains a steroid

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5
Q

2 diseases Advair treats

A
  1. asthma

2. COPD associated with chronic bronchitis

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6
Q

Name of the “reserve” drug used for patients who new better asthma medications are ineffective

A

methylxanthines - treats chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD

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7
Q

MOA for methylxanthines

A

blocks phophodiesterase which increases cAMP

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8
Q

main preparation of methylxanthines

A

theophylline

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9
Q

4 side effects of theophylline

A
  1. arrhythmias
  2. tachycardia
  3. seizures
  4. GI effects
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10
Q

Why is theophylline considered a red flag drug in dentistry?

A

Causes CNS stimulation (nausea/vomiting), adverse cardiac effects, and increasing risk for seizures when mixed with certain antibiotics and or system antifungals

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11
Q

Specifically what antibiotics and antifugal cause a reaction when mixed with theophylline?

A 
erythromycin
Cipro
clarithromycin
doxycycline
Antifungal = ketoconazole
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12
Q

Why are glucocorticoid medications used to manage asthma?

A

Reduce inflammation and decrease frequency and severity of asthma attacks

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13
Q

MOA for glucocorticoids treating asthma

A

reduce cytokine production and inhibit accumulation of basophils/eosinophils/leukocytes

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14
Q

What is the name of the 1st OTC intranasal steroid?

A

Nasacort

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15
Q

3 main dental considerations associated with inhalers

A
  1. taste alterations
  2. candidiasis
  3. overuse can lead to hyper-reflexive airway
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16
Q

4 main dental considerations associated with steroids

A
  1. candidiasis
  2. susceptibility to infection
  3. delayed wound healing
  4. adrenal suppression
17
Q

What chemical mediators produce a similar effect to histamine?

A

Leukotrienes (bronchoconstrictors)

18
Q

Name 3 medications primarily used for seasonal allergies and are associated with leukotrienes

A
  1. Accolate - blocks leukotriene receptors
  2. Singulair - blocks leukotriene receptors
  3. Zyflo - Inhibits leukotriene synthesis
19
Q

MOA for anti-tussive medications

A

depresses cough center in medulla, chemical relative of morphine - lacks narcotic properties except in overdose

20
Q

generic name for anti-tussive medications

A

dextromethorphan

21
Q

generic name for expectorants?

A

guaifenesin

22
Q

MOA for expectorants?

A

irritation of stomach while stimulating respiratory fluid (lubricates) decrease mucus viscosity

23
Q

What drug may contribute to pulmonary disease is given too much?

A

Oxygen - may induce apnea/acute respiratory failure

24
Q

What disease: recurrent bronchial SM spasm, inflammation, swelling of bronchial mucosa, hypersecretion of mucous?

A

Asthma - widespread narrowing of airways, decreased ventilation with increased airway resistance, and decreased expiratory outflow

25
Q

What is the most common type of asthma and what causes it?

A

Extrinsic - inhaled seasonal allergens, seen in children and young adults, IgE mediated

26
Q

Intrinsic asthma makes up 30% of cases, what is it associated with?

A

Endogenous causes like emotional stress or GERD, normal IgE levels

27
Q

Besides extrinsic and intrinsic, what are 4 other types of asthma?

A
  1. drug induced
  2. food allergens
  3. exercise induced
  4. infectious asthma
28
Q

5 common drugs that may induce asthma

A
  1. ASA
  2. NSAIDS
  3. cholinergics
    4, beta blockers
  4. ACE inhibitors
29
Q

What 3 things make up the aspirin hypersensitivity triad?

A
  1. aspirin hypersensitivity
  2. asthma
  3. nasal polyps
30
Q

MOA for aspirin allergy

A

inhibits bronchodilating PGE2 and the formation of leukotrienes

31
Q

Name for persistent life threatening bronchospasm despite drug therapy/intervention?

A

Status Asthmaticus - attack lasts for more than 24 hours

32
Q

In Status Asthmaticus, dyspnea, cyanosis, fall in systolic pressure with inspiration all occur, what are 4 end points?

A
  1. exhaustion
  2. severe dehydration
  3. peripheral vascular collapse
  4. death without intervention
33
Q

6 symptoms of asthma

A
  1. shortness of breath
  2. wheezing
  3. expanded chest
  4. sinusitis
  5. failure to grow
  6. thick stringy mucous
34
Q

If you get asthma attacks about twice a week, what classification would that be?

A

Moderate (mild = only when exposed to trigger, and severe = frequent or ongoing)

35
Q

medication for mild persistent asthma

A

anti-inflammatory drug with low dose inhaled corticosteroid

36
Q

What level of asthma would get one medium dose of inhaled corticosteroid or 2 daily medications

A

Moderate persistent asthma

37
Q

What level of asthma would get daily high dose inhaled corticosteroids with long acting bronchodilator?

A

severe persistent asthma

Pharm II (18 decks)

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