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PSY 363 > (Exam 3) Alcohol > Flashcards

(Exam 3) Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main ingredient in alcohol?

A

ethyl alcohol/ethanol/ETOH

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2
Q

what kind of drug is alcohol?

A

a psychoactive drug

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3
Q

what are the effects of alcohol?

A

similar to sedative-hypnotic compounds

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4
Q

what are the uses of alcohol?

A

recreational uses

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5
Q

relationship between alcohol and dependence?

A

strong association

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6
Q

how/where/how fast is alcohol absorbed?

A

rapidly in stomach, small intestine

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7
Q

what interaction affects the dose of alcohol ?

A

food intake

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8
Q

what is the distribution of alcohol ?

A

freely crosses BBB and placenta

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9
Q

what metabolizes alcohol ?

A

liver 95%, 5% excreted unchanged from lungs

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10
Q

how quickly is alcohol metabolized?

A

1/3 - 1/2 oz. of pure alcohol per hour

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11
Q

what does BAC stand for?

A

blood alcohol concentration

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12
Q

alcohol affects synaptic activity of which 2 main NTs?

A

Glut + GABA

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13
Q

what does alcohol do to Glut?

A

inhibits NMDA R activity; NMDA R antagonist

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14
Q

what does alcohol do to GABA?

A

activates GABA; sedation/relaxation, impaired cognitive + motor skills, anxiolytic; activated DA pathway (VTA to NAc)

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15
Q

what are the respiratory effects?

A

depression at high doses; potentially lethal

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16
Q

what can withdrawal cause?

A

seizures

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17
Q

what is the effect on blood circulation?

A

dilation of blood vessels in the skin (feel warm, but actually body heat is lost)

18
Q

what is the effect on sleep?

A

induces sleep, but suppresses REM; may cause early awakening

19
Q

is the drug-induced dementia reversible?

A

yes

20
Q

what kind of damage does excessive drinking cause?

A

liver damage (cirrhosis) + digestive system damage (pancreatitis, chronic gastritis) + destruction of nerve cells (alcohol dementia: korsakoff’s syndrome)

21
Q

what is metabolic tolerance?

A

when the liver enzyme’s increase

22
Q

what is functional tolerance

A

neuronal adaptation, behavioral only; not tolerant to memory/cognitive effects

23
Q

what is associative tolerance

A

environment-related tolerance

24
Q

when does blackout occur?

A

BAC around 0.25

25
Q

what location’s activity is suppressed to affect memory? why?

A

hippocampus; blocks NMDA Rs

26
Q

what are fragmentary blackouts?

A

bits and pieces remembered, little is encoded

27
Q

what is memory en bloc?

A

nothing is remembered

28
Q

when can withdrawal (WD) develop?

A

can develop in hours

29
Q

detox involves what?

A

blocking seizures through benzos + AEDs

30
Q

what is kindling? what does it cause?

A

repeat alc WD; increase in severity/likelihood of seizure

31
Q

what is delirium tremens?

A

WD syndrome involving tremors, hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, confusion, sleep disruption

32
Q

what other psychopathologies is alcoholism associated with?

A

MDD, anxiety disorder, impulse control problem

33
Q

therapy goals for alcohol abuse + dependence

A

1) treat/prevent WD symptoms
2) reduce consumption/cravings
3) prevent relapse
4) treat associated psychological problems

34
Q

what drugs prevent relapse?

A

alcohol-sensitizing drugs, opioid antagonists

35
Q

how does alcohol effect the cortex?

A

depresses behavioral inhibitory centers, slows perception processing of sensory information, inhibits thought processes

36
Q

what does alcohol do to DA?

A

increases DA levels

37
Q

alcohol effect on corpus callosum?

A

slows information transfer between hemispheres; most noticeable in speech issues

38
Q

effect on cerebellum?

A

affects movement and balance; swagger, falling down, poor motor control

39
Q

effect on hypothalamus + pituitary

A

increases hormone release, leads to increased desire + arousal, decreased activity in cortex decreased ability to perform, decrease memory formation

40
Q

effect on brainstem

A

high BAC decreases respiration + body temp, can lead to death

41
Q

long term effects of heavy drinking (in order of first to last)

A

memory, judgment, perception, higher thought abilities

PSY 363 (7 decks)

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