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PSY 363 > (Exam 2) Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

(Exam 2) Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacokinetics?

A

time course of a drug’s action

how much gets into the system, stays, and has effect

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2
Q

what does pharmacokinetics allow the determination of?

A

concentration of the drug at R, intensity of drug effect, and dosage

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3
Q

what does ADME stand for?

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination

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4
Q

what is drug absorption?

A

movement of a drug from admin site to blood (across the BBB)

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5
Q

what does BBB stand for?

A

Blood-brain barrier

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6
Q

what is drug distribution?

A

where the drug goes - from blood to rest of the body, or where we want it to go

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7
Q

what is drug metabolism?

A

the breakdown of drug; takes place almost as soon as it gets into the body

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8
Q

what is drug elimination?

A

removal of drug metabolic waste products; once eliminated need a new dose

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9
Q

what are metabolites and what do they cause?

A

metabolites are waste products and can have their own effect aside from the drug

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10
Q

different ways to get a drug into the body?

A

IM, SC, TD, IV, TM, IH, and PO

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11
Q

IM and example

A

intramuscular; epi pen

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12
Q

SC and example

A

subcutaneous - under skin, but not into muscle; insulin, IVF

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13
Q

TD and example

A

transdermal; patch

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14
Q

IV and example

A

intravenous; shots

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15
Q

TM and example

A

transmembrane; under tongue

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16
Q

IH and example

A

inhalation; smoking, anesthesia, huffing

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17
Q

PO and example

A

per oral, pill

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18
Q

if something is considered a “systemic circulation location”, where are the drugs located?

A

blood, system

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19
Q

what is the ineffective range?

A

the range of dose/time where the drug doesn’t work

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20
Q

what is the therapeutic window?

A

the range of dose/time where the drug has the intended effect

21
Q

what is the toxic range

A

the range of dose/time where the drug is toxic and can cause death or severe problems

22
Q

what is the goal range?

A

therapeutic window

23
Q

what does an enteral route mean?

A

goes through the GI tract

24
Q

what does a parenteral route mean?

A

does not involve the GI tract

25
Q

examples of enteral routes?

A

oral or rectal admin

26
Q

why might drug companies try to do a parenteral route?

A

GI is a major hurdle; needs to survive after intestine metabolism, liver metabolism; not destroyed by stomach acid; and is affected by body weight and food intake

27
Q

examples of parenteral routes

A

IV, IH, TM, TD

28
Q

are parenteral or enteral route drugs “custom made”?

A

parenteral route drugs

29
Q

what absorption method can be faster onset than IV?

A

IH

30
Q

what is IH popularly used for?

A

recreational drugs

31
Q

why is IH faster onset than IV?

A

goes to the lung tissue which has a large surface and is designed to absorb oxygen

32
Q

TM can be absorbed through what face areas?

A

mouth or nose (across mucous membranes of nose)

33
Q

examples of drugs absorbed through TM?

A

cocaine, nicotine replacements, fentanyl, morphine, suboxone

34
Q

why is TM method better and used for nicotine replacements?

A

important to stop behavior of smoking (IH) and use a replacement method to subdue nicotine addiction

35
Q

what does suboxone do in regards to addiction?

A

opiate agonist + antagonist combo; gives little for opiate craving, but also antagonist

36
Q

how do patches work?

A

continuous, controlled release of drug; slow absorption (hours or days), + minimizes side effects

37
Q

examples of TD absorption drugs

A

nicotine, fentanyl (for chronic pain), estrogen, scopalamine (motion sickness), selegilene (depression), methylphenidate (ADHD in children)

38
Q

which is more dangerous: IV or IH? why?

A

IV; can circulate longer if not controlled; if ODing, IH + pass out = stop admin, IV = too late, already in system

39
Q

IM absorption rate compared to PO and IV

A

faster than PO, slower than IV

40
Q

IM typically injected into

A

arm/bicep, thigh

41
Q

SC injected where?

A

under the skin (between skin + muscle)

42
Q

is SC used often?

A

no; not easy to do; risk of damage to the skin

43
Q

where is SC often used?

A

vet med - injected in scruff

animal research

44
Q

what affects distribution?

A

membranes; cell membranes, capillary walls, BBB, placental “barrier”; system

45
Q

what are capillary walls?

A

single layer of cells; extremely thin wall blood vessels; holes btwn cells

46
Q

what typically moves through capillary walls?

A

nutrients, waste, + drugs

47
Q

what doesn’t typically move through capillary walls?

A

RBCs (red blood cells) + large protein molecules bc they are too big

48
Q

what is the purpose of the BBB?

A

protects neurons from toxins?

PSY 363 (7 decks)

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