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Religion > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

modernity

A

A modern way of thinking. Shifting of the world from its old ways to new ways.

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2
Q

disestablishment

A

To destroy the establishment of something, to abolish.

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3
Q

secularization

A

The shift from a theological to a humanistic worldview.

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4
Q

theist

A

One who believes in a personal God

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5
Q

fundamentalism

A

a form of a religion, especially Islam or Protestant Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture.

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6
Q

creationism

A

those who attribute creation to some supernatural agent rather than to the entirely neutral process of evolution.

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7
Q

modernists

A

a believer in or supporter of modernism, especially in the arts.

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8
Q

Teilhard de Chardin

A

Jesuit paleontologist, drawn to the wonder of the universe and saw evolution unfolding toward an “Omega Point”, hoped for Christianity deeply connected with evolving world energized by God of dynamic, surprising, and spirit-drenched material world

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9
Q

ultramontanists

A

Those in the RC church who strongly supported the papal authority and imagined a world free from disruption of revolutions.

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10
Q

cosmology/cosmologists

A

the science of the origin and development of the universe.

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11
Q

Albert Schweizer

A

Theologian, physicist, musician, medical missionary; Based life on belief that Christ’s central teachings were eschatological in nature; Drawn to Jesus’ spirituality (core of Jesus’s spirituality was his conviction that the world was about to end); Books: The Mystery of the Kingdom of God, The Quest of the Historical Jesus

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12
Q

Pope Pius IX

A

First of modern popes, claimed his spiritual authority in no uncertain terms; Began reign with some liberal reforms but quickly retreated to conservative position in relation to the modern world.

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13
Q

Syllabus of Errors

A

Written by Pope Pius IX; summarized 80 modern errors; told Catholics to avoid naturalism, socialism, the conclusions of modern biblical scholarship, modern political arrangements (sep. of church and state), freedom of religion, ethical theories, and idea RC should reconcile with modern world

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14
Q

papal infallibility

A

the doctrine that the pope, acting as supreme teacher and under certain conditions, cannot err when he teaches in matters of faith or morals.

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15
Q

Rerum Novarum

A

Written by Pope Leo XIII in 1891; supported both labor unions and private property, forging middle ground between socialism and capitalism

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16
Q

liberal Catholics

A

Supported modern world; condemned by RC church

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17
Q

Protestant liberals

A

took up Enlightenment challenge in its quest for new values

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18
Q

Evangelical

A

Used in 16th century Germany to describe Christians who accepted Luther’s principles of salvation through faith alone and Sola Scriptura. Came to mean the importance of personal conversion and Bible-centered faith.

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19
Q

Oxford Movement

A

Reassertion of traditional orthodoxy in the face of general decline of religious interest.

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20
Q

apostasy

A

the abandonment or renunciation of a religious or political belief.

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21
Q

The Biblical Movement

A

19th century movement of Biblical criticism

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22
Q

biblical criticism

A

19th century scholars were interested in historical and literary matters, so asked about authorship, date of composition, relationship of biblical materials to other ancient texts, and intention.

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23
Q

Christian Socialism

A

Pioneered by Frederick D. Maurice; push for churches to be responsive to social realities of the times

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24
Q

William Booth

A

Founder of salvation army; supported of Christian Socialism; indicted the church for not being more responsible to those whose lives were ruined by industrial progress; attacked ravages of poverty with series of practical solutions and attempted to prod conscience of Christians

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25
Q

Salvation Army

A

Founded by Wiliam Booth

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26
Q

Social Gospel

A

Reminded Christians that sin and salvation could also be conceptualized in social terms

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27
Q

unassailable

A

unable to be attacked, questioned, or defeated.

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28
Q

felicitous

A

pleasing and fortunate, well chosen

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29
Q

valorization

A

to assign value or merit to

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30
Q

revivalism

A

A form of evangelical preaching that is highly emotional in style, characterized by its focus on sin and salvation and designed to bring listeners to a conversion experience.

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31
Q

Dwight L. Moody

A

Applied business and advertising techniques to religious revivalism; Developed large interdenominational meetings urban meetings; Moody Bible College: Trained Evangelical ministers

32
Q

Evangelical Alliance

A

Concentrate evangelical energy in service of scriptural Christianity and against unscriptural religions (RC); Wanted evangelical Christians to unite to address social ills like alcoholism and slavery

33
Q

communitarian groups

A

Derived from early Christians sharing their goods and living common life; Believed in Second Coming of Christ; Example group: The Hopedale Community

34
Q

Universalism, Universalist Church of America

A

Universalism: Doctrine that affirms salvation of all people

Universalist Church of America: Continuation of universalist movement after hopedale Community

35
Q

Millennialist Groups

A

Questioned the Second interested in questions about second coming of Christ; Interpret signs of times so as to maintain high level of expectation about the imminence of his return

36
Q

Seventh Day Adventists

A

One of the Millennialist groups and adventists; Saturday= holy day; Bible is only authoritative rule of faith; Affirm prophecies of Ellen White; Believe spirit of prophecy is present in their church; Follow OT dietary laws; Wait for second coming of Christ but have no date for it; Believe Christ began his judgement in 1844 (miller’s date)

37
Q

Jehovah’s Witnesses

A

One of the Millennialist groups ; Believe only elect of Jehovah will get into Kingdom of God; Present world ruled by satan (All govt, business and organized religion in league with the devil); Do not support country; Do not celebrate Christmas or Easter; The present world will end and be replaced by a new one; Just will reign and wicked will perish; 144,000 will go to heaven and rest will live on Earth forever

38
Q

Dispensationalists

A

Read Bible from perspective that Christians are now living on verge of second coming; Today use Scofield Reference Bible (Edited by Cyrus Scofield and offers Dispensationalists key to interpretation of scripture)

39
Q

Mormons, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

A

Use Book of Mormon; believes man becomes God by living through testing period of mortality on Earth; Two different groups described in my notes

40
Q

Joseph Smith

A

Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons)

41
Q

Brigham Young

A

Led largest group of mormons after Joseph Smith died; practiced polygamy

42
Q

Christian Scientists/The Church of Christ, Scientist

A

Christ healed by spiritual influence and that healing continued to present time for those who believed in it

43
Q

Mary Baker Eddy

A

Founded the Church of Christ, Scientist

44
Q

Science and Health

A

Written by Mary Baker Eddy; Added a key to the interpretation of Scripture; Represents the only way to read the Bible for Christian scientists

45
Q

Nativism

A

Intense suspicion or dislike of foreigners, often directed against Catholics by American Protestants in the 19th century

46
Q

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church/A.M.E

A

founded in 1776; Black Methodists

47
Q

Richard Allen and African Methodist Episcopal/A.M.E

A

Born a slave in Philly and founded that church

48
Q

The Holiness Movement

A

Series of Methodist revivals preached stressing return to holiness and entire sanctification; believed sanctification was a sudden acquisition by Holy Spirit (HS); one church: Church of God of Anderson, Indiana (oldest holiness church)

49
Q

Azusa Street Revival

A

Most important source of Pentecostalism; LA, CA; W.J. Seymour; Holiness preacher

50
Q

The Restoration or “Christian Church” Movement

A

Attempt to combine efforts for Christian unity with a return to simple NT Christianity

51
Q

orthodoxy

A

Right belief

52
Q

What beliefs were considered basic shared positions that define right thinking

A

Resurrection, Christ as savior and Lord of the world; grace as a power of forgiveness and enablement; trinity; statements of the Apostle’s Creed; Original Sin and inherent spiritual weakness. Protestant reformers added: priesthood of all believers, salvation in Christ through faith alone, sufficiency of Scripture as a religious authority, sovereignty of God, predestination.

53
Q

What specific beliefs were challenged (page 157, second paragraph) and what was the pivotal issue?

A

The belief that Moses wrote the first five books of the OT, that the Gospel of John was a historical accurate picture of Jesus, and that there were no mistakes in scripture. The pivotal issue was the authority of the Bible.

54
Q

What is the origin of the term fundamentalist?

A

Comes from their belief that there is an irreducible minimum of beliefs without which one cannot claim to be Christian , and one of those was the inerrancy of the Bible. At the heart of fundamentalism is salvation.

55
Q

pluralistic

A

relating to a system of thought that recognizes more than one ultimate principle; ormation of separate churches among various broader types of Christianity:Evangelicalism, Pentecostalism

56
Q

congenial

A

pleasant or agreeable because suited to one’s taste or inclination.

57
Q

proclivities

A

a tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.

58
Q

evangelization

A

taking the word of Jesus as a command and spreading new faith.

59
Q

Matteo Ricci

A

Jesuit who became part of Chinese culture to spread faith to them. Patience was his missionary strategy.

60
Q

heretical

A

Believing in things that go against orthodox religious doctrine.

61
Q

William Carey

A

Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens talked about how Jesus wanted all Christians to bring forth message of God; Inspired Baptists to want to take on missionary work

62
Q

praxis

A

Part of Liberation theology that focuses more on actions than words.

63
Q

Liberation theology

A

Particular application of political theology to the poverty and oppression found in LA; God’s most significant actions in the Bible are those involved with deliverance or liberation

64
Q

encyclical

A

a papal letter sent to all bishops of the Roman Catholic Church.

65
Q

Tissa Balasuriya and the concept of “mission in reverse”

A

Sri Lankan Cath priest arguing that Modern Christianity is morally bankrupt; Two-Thirds World Christian understand how to read the Gospel and should go on to industrialized countries where Christians have abandoned the teachings of Gospel in favor of exploitation.

66
Q

Globalization

A

The increasingly interconnected nature of the world

67
Q

The Ecumenical Movement

A

Christians who seek dialogue and cooperation with other groups; Attempt of Christian churches to recovery unity of believers

68
Q

Ecumenism

A

Comes from Greek word meaning “The whole inhabited world”

69
Q

World Council of Churches (WCC)

A

Members include most of OC churches, Protestant and independent churches; Promotes dialogue and mutual understanding between churches; Sought unity in social action rather than in shared theology

70
Q

African Initiated Churches (AICs)

A

Africans had started seven thousand new denominations; characteristics of African churches: Charismatic spirituality, Speaking in tongues, Exorcisms, Visions, Polygamy, Mix of Christianity and traditional African ways.

71
Q

Our Lady of Guadalupe

A

Guadalupe resembles Tonantzin: Aztec Earth Goddess who had shrine at Tepeyac; She appeared to poor Indian who challenged Spanish Bishop

72
Q

base Christian communities,

A

Group of laypeople in LA read the Scripture on their own and applied it to their own circumstances,

73
Q

Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (IURD)

A

Founded in Brazil in 1977; Grew to have 2 M members by 1990 in many countries; Spread via media and websites; Promises healing through the liberation from demonic forces and encourages giving generously to church so they can receive material benefits; BUT scandal in 1995 when Bishop kicked statue of Our Lady of Aparecida; originated in LA and spread to Europe, USA, and Africa

74
Q

implicated

A

involve (something) in a necessary way.

75
Q

volatile

A

Characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change

tending to erupt into violence

76
Q

solidarity

A

unity (as of a group or class) that produces or is based on community of interests, objectives, and standards

Religion (4 decks)

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