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Religion > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

revelation, revealed religion

A

Self communication of God; he directly communicates and individuals respond; God revealing knowledge about himself; God discloses the divine will through words and actions

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2
Q

Tanakh

A

The Jewish Bible; consists of: Torah, Nevi’im (prophets), Ketuvim (writings)

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3
Q

*Old Testament,

A

The Christian name for the Hebrew Bible, as rearranged by Christians

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4
Q

New Testament

A

The Christian portion of the Bible: 27 books

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5
Q

inspired/inspiration,

A

Doctrine the scripture was written under the influence of the Holy Spirit.

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6
Q

fall [of humankind]

A

The moment when Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s command not to eat the tree of knowledge, thus forfeiting the original blessedness that they enjoyed. Theologically, a fall from a state of harmony to one of discord with the will of God.

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7
Q

*transcendence

A

The transcendence of God is his existence prior to and above the world. God is different from the world.

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8
Q

immanence

A

God’s dwelling in and being active in the world. The doctrine of immanence sees the world as, in some sense, containing God within it.
made in the image of God, 9: We are representations of god in this world. We are like God in some ways and he wants a relationship with us.

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9
Q

Original Sin

A

In Christian theology, the sin of Adam and Eve. The effect of it is the fundamentally graceless nature of human beings; that is, all people are regarded as having a sinful nature.

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10
Q

repentance

A

Sincerely regretting and praying for forgiveness. Moving back toward the direction of God.

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11
Q

covenant

A

An agreement entered into voluntarily by two or more parties. God established a covenant with Abraham and with the Jewish people at Sinai; Christians believe a new covenant came with Jesus.

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12
Q

Passover

A

A Jewish feast of high importance. In the Bible, it is an act of deliverance from the Egyptians, where an angel of death passed over the Hebrews in the last of the great plagues.

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13
Q

Israel

A

Name given to Jacob and the chosen people

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14
Q

Judah

A

The southern kingdom containing two tribes from the split Israel.

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15
Q

apocalyptic

A

Type of Jewish and Christian literature dealing with the end of the world and the coming of the kingdom of God. Obscure symbols, visions and vivid imagery.

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16
Q

eschatology

A

The doctrine of the last things or end of the world; eschatology is concerned with the end of the individual soul, all other people, the church, and the world. It is treated in the Old testament and New testament most thoroughly in apocalypses such as Daniel or Revelation.

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17
Q

prophets/ Prophets

A

In Old Testament; speak God’s word to the people (urge them back to covenant). Sometimes, prophets predicted future events, but their main function was to speak for God, not to be seers.

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18
Q

Exile

A

In history of Israel, the period from the fall of Jerusalem to the reconstruction in Palestine of a new Jewish state.

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19
Q

Torah

A

Hebrew name for the first five books of the Bible. Handed down to Moses on Sinai, contains laws of moral and physical conduct and love of Jewish people.

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20
Q

The Psalms

A

Believed to have been written by King David. Collection of Hebrew poetry that contains deep religious feeling and conviction.

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21
Q

Wisdom literature

A

Those Biblical books that deal with what we might call profound common sense, instructions about life and conduct passed on from teacher to disciple, often along with moral conduct. The Wisdom books in the Old Testament include Job, Proverbs and Ecclesiastes.

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22
Q

conjure

A

Using magic to make something happen

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23
Q

disparaged

A

to degrade

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24
Q

replete

A

To be filled with

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25
Q

ambivalence

A

Uncertainty

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26
Q

Hellenistic/Hellenization

A

The culture, ideals, and pattern of life of ancient Greece. A system, it competed with Christainity and challenged it to develop a philosophical language.

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27
Q

Sabbath

A

Last day of the week in judaism; first day of the week in Christianity. Observed on Saturday as a day of rest for jews. Observed on Sunday as a celebration of the resurrection for Christians

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28
Q

kingdom of God

A

The kingdom in which God rules as king and those who follow him are his subjects. Coming of a kingdom of God establishes God’s rule forever.

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29
Q

Messiah

A

In Judaism, a man sent by God to restore Israel and reign righteously for all people. Christians consider Jesus to be the Messiah and interpret the Messiah as a suffering savior.

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30
Q

apocalyptic

A

Type of Jewish and Christian literature dealing with the end of the world, and the coming of the kingdom of God. Writing characterized by obscure symbols, visions, and vivid imagery.

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31
Q

the Sadducees

A

Jewish sect or party made up of the priestly aristocracy (the jewish establishment); political collaborationists with the Romans who accepted only written law.

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32
Q

the Pharisees

A

One of two great political parties (with the Sadducees) in Jerusalem at the time of Jesus. They were extreme in their attempt to keep all Jewish away from what was non-Jewish; they were liberal in accepting both written law (Torah) and oral law (tradition).

33
Q

the Essenes

A

Small Jewish ascetic sect at the time of Jesus. Essenes lived pious, communal lives in the desert, where they purified themselves in preparation for the Messiah. Community of goods, celibacy, and purification through baptism were some of their practices.

34
Q

*the Zealots

A

A revolutionary party extremely concerned with national liberation of the Jews from the Romans. They expected the Messiah to be a warrior-king.

35
Q

B.C.E

A

before the common era. A designation of time equivalent to B.C. but not centered on theological claims like B.C.

36
Q

C.E.

A

means the common era. It corresponds to what Christians call A.D.

37
Q

John the Baptist

A

Jewish prophet who, after retiring into the desert, emerged to preach repentance and to baptize in preparation for the Messiah.

38
Q

Passover

A

A Jewish feast of highest importance. In the Bible, it is an act of deliverance from the Egyptians, where an angel of death passed over the Hebrews in the last of the great plaques.

39
Q

synoptic Gospels

A

The books of Matthew, Mark, and Luke in the New Testament are considered synoptic Gospels; they bear more similarities to each other than any of them do with the gospel of John.

40
Q

the Gospels

A

Any of the first four books of the New Testament preaching the “good news” namely, that there is salvation through the birth, life, passion, death and resurrection of Jesus. The four Gospels in the NT are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

41
Q

the Gospel of Mark

A

Likely the earliest synoptic Gospel, viewing Jesus as the son of God who must suffer and die. Mark emphasizes Jesus as a man of action and focuses little attention on Jesus’ teachings.

42
Q

the Gospel of Matthew

A

A synoptic Gospel, regarding Jesus as the new Moses, emphasizing Jesus as the fulfillment of the Hebrew Bible and as the bringer of the new law or covenant.

43
Q

the Gospel of Luke

A

Synoptic Gospel emphasizing the universality of Jesus’ work and message. Here Jesus is a merciful one who forgives all humanity. The first two-volume work including the Act of the Apostles.

44
Q

the Gospel of John

A

John emphasizes the mystery of divinity of Jesus more than the synoptics do. God’s love for humanity is a central theme in this Gospel.

45
Q

the Epistles

A

Series of letters in the New Testament; 21 of the in the NT. Reflect the life, questions, and conflicts of early community, and they show a developing theology or reflection about Jesus and his mission.

46
Q

the book of Revelation

A

Last book of the Bible that pictures the end of the world and is written in symbolic language.

47
Q

type/typology

A

A method of scriptural interpretation used by some early writers that show events in the life of Jesus or the early church were prefigured events in the OT.

48
Q

insinuating

A

Forcing something into a position.

49
Q

laypeople

A

A member of a church that has not been ordained.

50
Q

ascetics

A

People who partake in self-discipline and abstention.

51
Q

perpetrated

A

Committed

52
Q

Peter

A

Most prominent of the twelve apostles of Jesus. Traditionally, the first Bishop of Rome.

53
Q

Pentecost

A

in Judaism, a spring feast 50 days after passover, commemorating the Sinai covenant. In Christainity, a feast celebrating the coming of the Holy Spirit to the apostles in the church.

54
Q

Gentiles

A

A term applied to non-Jews.

55
Q

heretics/heresies

A

Formal denial of a defined doctrine.

56
Q

Jewish dietary regulations

A

Part of god’s will in Jewish tradition. Forbade Jews to eat certain foods and to eat with non-Jews as defined by the covenant.

57
Q

Holy Spirit

A

Theologically, the third person of the Trinity; biblically, a manifestation of God’s power in this world. The Holy Spirit was promised by Jesus, and Christians believe it is present in the church in some way.

58
Q

Eucharist

A

Christian practice that repeats the action of Jesus at the Last Supper. Christians partake of the bread and wine in memory of Jesus. Some Christians believe the bread and wine are truly the body and blood of Christ; others believe they are symbols of the body and blood; still others believe they are a memorial fellowship meal.

59
Q

pastoral Epistles

A

Two letters to Timothy and one to Titus.

60
Q

The First Epistle to Timothy

A

One of the earliest letters written by Paul, assuring the Thesselonians that both the living and the dead will partake in the glory of the second coming of Christ.

61
Q

The Second Epistle to Timothy

A

The second of the pastoral Epistles, again concerning false teachers and reminding Timothy of the fidelity to tradition and patience required of all apostles; probably written between 90 and 140 CE.

62
Q

The Epistle to Titus

A

The third and last of the pastoral Epistles, discussing duties of apostles and the need to struggle against false teachings; probably written between 90 and 140 CE.

63
Q

apostle Paul/*Paul

A

Apostle to the gentiles. Born and reared a Jew, he converted to Christianity after “and experience of the risen Lord.” Author of major Epistles in the NT, great missionary and early theologian.

64
Q

Constantine

A

First Christian Roman emperor. He conquered under the Christian sign of the cross and issued the Edict of Milan (313), which stated that Christianity would be tolerated in the empire and put an end to persecution.

65
Q

Sanhedrin

A

Jewish council of elders.

66
Q

Gnosticism

A

An early Christian sect who believed that they were saved by the secret knowledge that they possessed a divine spark absent in others. Recent research on the manuscripts found at Nag Hammadi in Egypt has given us more thorough understanding of the Gnostics, who were heretofore known mostly through the condemnations of then opponents. Many of the apocryphal Gospels were written by Gnostics.

67
Q

Sacrament

A

An outward sign instituted by Christ to draw people into relationship with God. Historically, there have been arguments about how many sacraments there are, whether or not they give grace, and what they mean. Some Christians prefer the term “ordinances”, and others may “have Communion” but never use the word sacrament or ordinance. Most Christians- except Quakers and the Salvation Army, who have to make sacraments- accept baptism and the Lord’s Supper as sacraments, and some accept the forgiveness of sins. Roman Catholics and Orthosdox Christians accept seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, reconciliation, Lord’s Supper, ordination, matrimony, and the anointing of the sick.

68
Q

Sacramental rites

A

Ceremonies of emotional appeal performed.

69
Q

dualism

A

Any philosophical system that tries to explain things in terms of two distinct and irreducible principles; in religion, good and evil or light and darkness, both of which are equally powerful.

70
Q

speaking in tongues/*glossolalia

A

The ability or the gift of “speaking in tongues”, which may mean speaking in a real language unknown to the speaker (one might, for instance, speak Chinese under the influence of the Spirit) or in an unknown language (which then may or may not be interpreted to the congregation). In pentecostal churches, speaking in tongues is considered a sign of baptism of the Spirit.

71
Q

martyrs

A

During persecution, used for those who suffered for their religious beliefs; finally restricted to those who died for them. Martyrs are honored as saints by the church.

72
Q

sacrament of reconciliation/*penance

A

In Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, a sacrament of the forgiveness of sins. It can also mean a punishment of some sorts.

73
Q

partisan

A

feeling, showing, or deriving from strong and sometimes blind adherence to a particular party, faction, cause, or person : exhibiting, characterized by, or resulting from partisanship

74
Q

ambivalent

A

having or showing simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings toward something or someone : characterized by ambivalence

75
Q

milieu

A

the physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops

76
Q

de facto

A

resulting from economic or social factors rather than from laws or actions of the state

77
Q

de jure

A

based on laws or actions of the state

78
Q

treatises

A

a systematic exposition or argument in writing including a methodical discussion of the facts and principles involved and conclusions reached

Religion (4 decks)

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