Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Religion > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Religion Crash Course flashcards
1
Q

Orthodox Christians/Christianity

A

More mystical in its liturgical preoccupations and more concerned with inner spiritual content. Eastern church of Roman empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mystical/mysticism

A

A form of religious experience that emphasizes the possibility and desirability of a direct and intuitive apprehension of divinity. A mystic is one who strives for this direct and personal union with God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

deification

A

human identification or union with God whereby human beings share some of God’s attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

canonization of tradition

A

when church tradition becomes an official part of church doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

model of sanctity

A

a way in which Christians seek to deny themselves and follow Christ; e.g., monasticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

religious authority

A

that which determines accepted beliefs and practices; here, the Bible and tradition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tradition

A

Specific interpretation of Scripture as elaborated within the Christian community and affirmed by the church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ecumenical councils

A

Universal meeting of Bishops, whose authority was accepted as official.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

conciliar

A

adjectival form of council; conciliar decrees are those handed down by church councils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

papacy

A

the authority of the pope, expressed through institutions such as the Mass (Eucharist), church organization, monastic houses, and official doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ecclesiastical

A

anything having to do with the church; ecclesiastical authority = church authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dogmatic

A

pertaining to church doctrine or teaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

church Fathers

A

influential church teachers in the period after the Apostles; Origen and Clement of Alexandria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pope

A

Pope is the title restricted to the Bishop of Rome since the fourth century; the papacy is the office of the pope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

monk, *hermit, monastery, monasticism

A

Individual who, for religious reasons, retired from general society and goes out to a lonely place to focus on an intense relationship with God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

counsels of perfection

A

Traditionally, the vocations to poverty, chastity, and obedience, which form the basis of nearly all monastic and religious life for Roman Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity and Protestant religious orders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chastity

A

No sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neoplatonic/*Neoplatonism

A

Ancient mystical philosophy based on doctrines of Plato. It had a lasting effect on the development of Christian mysticism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

celibacy

A

Being unmarried. This condition is accepted by priests in the Roman Catholic church as necessary for ordination. In the Orthodox church, men may marry before ordination but not after, Bishops must not marry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Augustine of Hippo

A

Bishop of Hippo (North Africa) and one of the most important early Christian writers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

contemplation

A

a form of prayer developed within the monastic tradition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

friars and canons

A

monks who were not confined to solitude in a monastery but moved about to preach, teach, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Basil the Great

A

Greek theologian who wrote a monastic rule still used in Orthodox monasticism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Benedict of Nursia

A

Founder of the Benedictines, he wrote the first monastic rule used in the west.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

patriarch/Patriarch of Constantinople

A

One of the progenitors of Jewish people, especially Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In the Christian church, a title of certain exalted bishops. In the early church, there were five great patriarchates: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The Patriarch of Constantinople was under the emperor and often had to safeguard religious freedom from him.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the year 313

A

The year Constantine became the sole master of the western half of the empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ecumenical council at Nicea

A

The problem was that people thought there is only one God, so Jesus is not God but a creature. The resolution was that Jesus is the son of God and is God, of the same divine essence as the father.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Byzantium

A

Site of present-day Istanbul. Constantine had a new city built there in 330 and renamed it Constantinople when he moved the capital of the Roman empire there in 333.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Constantinople

A

Capital city of the Roman Empire under Constantine and his successors, formerly called Byzantium. Called also the “new Rome”. Three ecumenical councils were held there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Eusebius

A

Bishop of Caesarea and so-called father of church history. Wrote official biography of Constantine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

schism between Rome and Constantinople in 1054

A

Frequent clashes between east and west led to a formal schism between Rome and Constantinople in this year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

extolled

A

to proclaim the glory of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

theocracy

A

a system of government in which a religious body holds unlimited power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

talisman

A

something worn or kept to bring good luck or keep away evil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

promulgated

A

as in published, declared, spotlighted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

icon

A

Flat pictures of God and saints venerated in Orthodox churches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

veneration

A

Respect or awe inspired by the dignity, wisdom, dedication, or talent of a person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

graven images

A

images of God in; forbidden in the Ten Commandments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Iconoclast controversy

A

Opposition to religious use of images, from the fourth to the ninth centuries a raging battle in Orthodox Christianity. In the Reformation, some Protestants (especially Puritans) considered the use of religious images idolatrous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

consecrated

A

blessed for a religious purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

iconostasis

A

Screen in Orthodox churches that separates the sanctuary from the rest of the church.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Mother of God

A

Mary, the mother of Jesus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

divinization

A

human identification or union with God whereby human beings share some of God’s attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

relics

A

Material remains of a saint or sacred objects that touched the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

vestments

A

clothes worn by clergy while leading worship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

mystical

A

allowing oneself to be enveloped by God’s presence, not trying to see or know God; the deeper meanings of one’s faith can best be apprehended by way of religious experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Scholasticism

A

The educational system of the medieval schools, which consisted in methods of disputation and philosophical and theological speculation. It was stimulated by the discoveries of Aristotelian logic in the 11th century and led to logical speculation and systemization of Christians faith on every conceivable level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

predestination

A

The idea that God decrees beforehand for all eternity the fate of individual souls. Some Christians believe that God predestines people to both heaven and hell; others say that God predestines people to heaven but reprobates to hell. Predestination is deduced on the basis of divine foreknowledge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Incarnation

A

Christian doctrine that the eternal Son of God took flesh; Jesus Christ as both fully divine and human,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

transubstantiation

A

One explanation- along with transfiguration and consubstantiation- of how the bread and the wine used in the celebration of the Eucharist are transformed into the body and blood of Christ. It was adopted as the official teaching of the Roman Catholic church in the 13th century,but arguments about it continue within Catholicism and Christianity in general.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Christendom

A

wherever the church is endorsed by the state as the official religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Faith is grounded in and moving toward God, so it is supernatural
BUT it is also intellectual
One can contemplate mystery of God but also create rational arguments for God’s existence
You can combine faith and reason
Interpreter of aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Summa Theologica

A

Comprehensive synthesis of biblical, patristic, and medieval understandings of Christianity. Written by Thomas Aquinas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

theology

A

the scientific study of God

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

metaphysics

A

unseen reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

patristic

A

referring to the Church fathers

57
Q

excommunication

A

An ecclesiastical punishment whereby a person is excluded from communion with the church; that is, the excommunicated person may not partake of the sacraments or, in some cases, speak to anyone in the community.

58
Q

diocese

A

A unit of territorial administration in churches with episcopal structures. Under the jurisdiction of a bishop and is usually a relatively large territory. The Roman divided the empire into provinces called dioceses to ensure smooth and effective government. Christians adapted the system to suit their ecclesiastical purposes.

59
Q

Canon law

A

official church laws governing church life

60
Q

pilgrimage

A

a journey of a pilgrim

especially : one to a shrine or a sacred place

61
Q

shrine

A

a place in which devotion is paid to a saint or deity

62
Q

St. Peter’s in Rome

A

A monument to an era in which religion was thought to be the most important activity on Earth. The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican, or simply Saint Peter’s Basilica, is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal enclave that is within the city of Rome

63
Q

Vatican

A

Modern papal residence in Rome. The Italian Law of guarantees (1871) and the Lateran Accords (1929), the Vatican, the Lateran Cathedral, and the papal villa at Castel Gandolfo were granted extraterritoriality (not subject to the Italian government). Vatican city is a separate city-state in Italy.

64
Q

tithe

A

church tax consisting of one tenth of one’s income or crops

65
Q

communion

A

= Holy Communion, the Eucharist, Lord’s Supper

66
Q

Unam Sanctum

A

The papal letter issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302 during his quarrel with Philip IV of France. In it, the pope defined the four marks of the church as being one, holy, Catholic, and apostolic and argued that “outside the church there is no salvation”.

67
Q

Avignon Papacy

A

The Avignon Papacy, also known as the Babylonian Captivity, was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (France) rather than in Rome.

68
Q

Great Western Schism

A

The divide of the west due to there being a pope in France and a pope in Rome.

69
Q

Thomas à Kempis

A

Wrote The Imitation of Christ, which exemplifies the new kind of devotionalism people were looking for through an inward dimension not focused on the corruption outside.

70
Q

archetype

A

the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies

71
Q

tangible

A

capable of being perceived especially by the sense of touch, substantially real

72
Q

scrupulously

A

having moral integrity : acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper

73
Q

functionaries

A

one who serves in a certain function

74
Q

ameliorations

A

the act of making something better; improvement.

75
Q

conciliarist movement/conciliarism

A

refers to church authority vested in a council rather than in the pope

76
Q

medieval

A

period of history from the fifth century to the fifteenth century

77
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Philosopher at Oxford who gained support by arguing that religious authority ought to be reserved for the righteous and unworthy, immoral people had no legitimate right to exercise religious authority over people. Translated Bible into English. Criticized unscriptural parts of church. Followers called Lollards.

78
Q

Humanism

A

later called the Renaissance. Responded to religious and political chaos around them by remembering ancient conceptions of humanity, culture, ideals and destiny. Rebirth of classical learning. Wanted to rediscover the sources of and delight in the type of life portrayed in classical Greek and Roman documents.
A philosophical and literary movement that extolled human capabilities. In its Renaissance form, it signaled a return to classical antiquity. It inspired some of the scriptural research that led to the Reformation.

79
Q

Renaissance

A

From the word for “rebirth”, it was a development of Western civilization from the fourteenth century to the sixteenth centuries that marked the passage from the medieval to modern times. In it, there was a new importance given to individual expression, culture, and worldly experience.

80
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

the varying complex of lands in western and central Europe ruled over first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries (800–1806). The Holy Roman Emperor was elected by a group of Electors from each region of the empire.

81
Q

Vulgate

A

Latin version of the Bible compiled and translated by Saint Jerome in the fourth century to provide one authorized version of the Bible to Christians (instead of the many versions in circulation at the time). It was adopted by RCC as the only official version, a position opposed by reformers.

82
Q

sola scriptura

A

Luther’s appeal of “Scripture alone” over the church.

83
Q

theologian

A

someone who is an authority in theology, the scientific study of God

84
Q

unscriptural

A

contrary to what is written in the Bible

85
Q

Lollards

A

Followers of John Wycliffe in England.

86
Q

evangelical poverty

A

giving away all possessions to follow Christ

87
Q

clerical celibacy

A

refers to vows taken by a priest not to marry

88
Q

indulgences

A

Remission by the church of temporal punishment due for sin. Based on the merits of Christ and the saints, the medieval Catholic church reasoned that it could grant indulgences drawn from a treasury of merits available to sinners on Earth.

89
Q

Bohemia

A

Now Czech Republic.

90
Q

Great Western Schism

A

From 1378 until 1415, the Roman Catholic church was divided between two men, one in Roman and one in France, both claiming to be the true pope (WB, 81). Not to be confused with the Great Schism between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism (1054).

91
Q

Martin Luther

A

German monk who thought that the entire teaching tradition of the church might be wrong, that judged against the teaching authority of Scripture alone, tradition was erroneous. Protested indulgences. Protests led to formation of a new church. Came up with concept of justification by faith alone.

92
Q

doctrine of *purgatory

A

A roman Catholic doctrine that says there is a state of life after death that is neither heaven nor hell but a place where one can suffer or work out the temporal punishment due to sin committed on earth. Accordingly, Catholics tend to pray for the dead while Protestants do not. God’s justice demands purification and so could refuse heaven to anyone who was not perfectly purified before death, but God’s mercy will not permit such a refusal to heaven to those who truly long for heaven and simply need more time.

93
Q

pilgrimage

A

a journey to a holy place, such as a shrine with relics or to Jerusalem

94
Q

catechism

A

a collection of questions and answers used to teach the faith

95
Q

atonement

A

the doctrine concerning how human beings can be in a right relationship with God: at-one-ment

96
Q

Peasants’ Revolt

A
  1. Uprising of Germanpeasants. Although their grievances were economic, the peasants were urged on by some religious reformers and others who were impatient for change. Their list of demands included some religious reforms, but their methods were variations of mob violence. Luther called for their extermination.
97
Q

justification by faith alone

A

A person’s passage from sin to righteousness. Also, that act whereby God makes a person just (conveys grace to a person’s soul); or the act whereby God, because of the sacrifice of Christ, treats a person mercifully- as though the person were just or righteous. Christian shared belief that justification is bound with rebirth or regeneration, but disagree about what rebirth means, how it is accomplished and how it affects the person.
People just had to trust that God would regard them as righteous.

98
Q

Ulrich Zwingli

A

leader of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland and father of the Reformed branch of Protestantism

99
Q

John Calvin

A

French Protestant theologian. Created Calvinist church. Everything necessary for salvation was in the Bible. Believed that faith and salvation depended on election.

100
Q

Institutes of the Christian Religion

A

1536 – 1559. Written by John Calvin. Used to systematize Protestant theology.

101
Q

theocracy/theocratic state

A

government by divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. In many theocracies, government leaders are members of the clergy, and the state’s legal system is based on religious law.

102
Q

Reformed church/tradition/= Calvinist

A

Opposite of Lutheran church, held the views of Calvin.

103
Q

polity

A

the operational and governance structure of a church

104
Q

divine election

A

the teaching that God chooses people to be saved; closely related to predestination.

105
Q

intrinsic justification

A

the idea that God’s grace becomes a part of us, so that we change and are therefore justified; the Catholic view.

106
Q

Jacob Arminius/Arminianism

A

opposed Calvin’s teaching about election and claimed that we contribute something to our salvation.

107
Q

Anglicans

A

members of the Church of England after the Tudor Reformation

108
Q

Book of Common Prayer

A

contains the worship services for Anglicans

109
Q

The Radical Reformation

A

Very radical reformers. Did not believe in child baptism. Sometimes called Anabaptists. Wanted to restore apostolic Christianity, to live in conformity with Scripture, and faith of the first Christians.

110
Q

creed

A

a statement of beliefs; Nicene Creed: the standard creed for Catholics

111
Q

Mass

A

Eucharist = Lord’s Supper = Holy Communion

112
Q

the Jesuits/Society of Jesus and Ignatius of Loyola

A

Jesuits are a Society of Jesus that did anti-Protestant work, missions and education.
Ignatius of Loyola: founded the jesuits; soldier who decided to devote his life to Christ through poverty, celibacy, obedience and service.

113
Q

Inquisition

A

A final Catholic court of appeals for heresy cases

114
Q

Index

A

An official list of books that members of the roman church were forbidden to read.

115
Q

Mennonites

A

One group of Anabaptists. Type of Radical reformer. Amish split from Mennonites. Strongly invested in local congregation and were able to support a variety of practical forms within the general framework of anabaptist belief.

116
Q

Anglican/Anglicans

A

relating to or denoting the Church of England or any Church in communion with it.

117
Q

Puritans

A

Wanted church purged of anything Roman im practice, liturgy, or doctrine. Split and formed Presbyterians and Congregationalists. A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.

118
Q

*episcopal form of government

A

A type of ecclesiastical government where authority rests with bishops and flows down from them through priests to members of the congregation

119
Q

*Presbyterian/Presbyterians

A

A type of ecclesiastical government in which authority rests with a group of elders.

120
Q

Congregationalists/Congregationalism/*congregational

A

A type of ecclesiastical government where authority flows throughout the congregation.

121
Q

Baptists

A

Believe baptism must be done through full immersion and only adults.

122
Q

Quakers

A

Believe people have the “Inner Light” within them which is the voice of God. All outward signs of religion rejected.

123
Q

George Fox

A

Founder of the Quakers; Religious experience led to his belief about the Inner Light.

124
Q

Enlightenment

A

A term applied to scientific and philosophical thought in the 18th century characterized by belief in natural law and order, confidence in human reason, and a rational approach to religious questions.

125
Q

Deism

A

Belief in a supreme being who created the world and then left it to its own discoverable and reasonable natural laws. The Deist God is not personal and does not reveal religious truths or work miracles.

126
Q

Pietism

A

Bible-centered faith
Keen sense of guilt and forgiveness felt in heart
Personal conversion
Practical holiness in simple Christian living
Concern for needs of other people

127
Q

Methodists,/Methdodism

A

Personal conversion
Warm fellowship
Fervent preaching
Hymns comforting and easy to sing

128
Q

John Wesley

A

Founder of methodism; had religious awakening that warmed his heart and he knew God had forgiven his sins, so he wanted a more heartfelt religious experience.

129
Q

George Whitefield

A

One of the founders of methodism. Came to America during Gw and greatly influenced the revivalist movement.

130
Q

Moravians

A

Influenced John Wesley’s development of Methodism. Part of Protestant church (one of the oldest denominations).

131
Q

covenant theology

A

Used, especially by the Puritans, to explain the election and preservation of the saints. It was an important part of the religions, political, and social understanding of both the Congregational and Presbyterian Puritans.

132
Q

The Great Awakening

A

Revivalism of American Christianity.

133
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

Congregationalist theologian and preacher responsible for New England phase of GW.

134
Q

Evangelical/Evangelicalism

A

Stresses new birth, emotions demonstrate conversion is of the heart, sufficiency of God

135
Q

denomination/*denominationalism

A

A denomination is a specific church group united in policy and belief. Several meanings of denominationalism: (1) the variety and independence of various churches, (2) the notion that there are and ought to be many differing church bodies. (3) The movement to unite local churches into one larger body.

136
Q

proliferation

A

-rapid increase in numbers.

137
Q

immutable

A

unchanging over time or unable to be changed.

138
Q

ponderous

A
  • oppressively or unpleasantly dull

- Of great weight

Religion (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions