Exam 3 Flashcards
Which kingdom is this: unicellular & multicellular eukaryotic do not display tissue differentiation not a natural kingdom
kingdom protista
What organism is this: predominantly aquatic photosynthetic eukaryote uni or multicellular evolved via endosymbiosis
algae
Which phyla of alga is described: aquatic and terrestrial unicellular, filamentous, or colonial multicellular seaweed structurally diverse biochemically similar
chlorophtya
green algae
organism made up of multinucleate mass of protoplasm enclosed by one cell wall
ie: caulerpa
coenocyte
what type of algae undergoes isomorphic alternation of generations?
what does isomorphic mean?
ulva
haploid and diploid phase look very similar
identify the type of reproduction:
- 2 flagellated gametes of the same size
- 2 flagellated gametes of diff size
- non motile egg and flagellated sperm
- isogamous
- ansiogamous
- oogamous
chlorophyll a and b
carotenoids
cell walls w/ cellulose
green algae
what organism did land plants evolve from
green algae
what organism does green algae have a mutualistic relationship with
3 toed sloth
what family of algae is described: macroalgae mostly marine found in intertidal zone cellulose in cell wall use trumpet cells
chromophyta
brown algae
what are trumpet cells analogous to
what does it transport
sieve tube members of phloem
sugars
what type of algae is described here: chlorophyll a and c carotenoids fucoxanthin glucose reserves cell wall is cellulose and slimy material
chromophyta
brown algae
what color is the carotenoid fucoxanthin
brown
name these giant kelp parts!
- leaf like structure
- sac attached to blade
- stem like structure
- roots kelp to substrate
- blade
- air bladder
- stipe
- holdfast
what does the air bladder/pneumatocyst do for the kelp
keep it floating upright
what family of algae is this: mostly macroalgae marine red edible species
rhodophyta
red algae
what algae is described here: chlorophyll a carotenoids phycobillins storage molecule is floridean starch cell wall made up of cellulose and slimy mucilages
red algae
rhodophyta
what color pigment are phycoerythrin
red
what is harvested by horses and used an emulsifier in toothpaste and icecream
carrageenan
do rhodophyta have flagellated cells or a typical life cycle
no ma’am
is lichen a single organism?
if not what is it made up of?
nope
mycobiont and photobiont
what kingdom do the algae in lichen come from
protista or bacteriae
what fungal partners make up lichen?
which is the most common
what is the third component of lichen that was recently discovered?
ascomycota
basidiomycota
ascomycota
cyphobasidium
what are the four main genera of algal partner and which phylum do they belong to
trebouxia and trentepohlia- green algae
nostoc and scytonema- cyanobacterium
are the algae obligate symbionts
are the fungi obligate symbionts
no
yes
what color are lichens in Antarctica
orange
what type of lichen is the epiphyte lace lichen
fruticose
where was the first lichen found and where did it grow
where was the second lichen like fossil found and where did it grow
scotland; terrestrial
china; marine
what anchors lichen to their substrate
rhizines
what morphology does the lichen exhibit
that of the fungus
what are two ways the the algal cells are distributed in lichen
evenly or in a thin layer among the fungal hyphae
what are the 3 lichen growth forms
crustose
foliose
fruticose
Name this growth form:
flat
grow tightly appressed to substrate
crustose
Name this growth form:
flat with leaf like lobes
not so tightly appressed
foliose
Name this growth form:
erect
branched
shrub-like
fruticose
how do lichens asexually reproduce
how are they distributed
use soredia that have both algal and fungal cells
wind
how do lichens sexually reproduce
how are they distributed
use ascocarps and ascospores
wind
obtain algal partner by chance
what does the photobiont provide for the lichen
food
what does the mycobiont provide for the lichen
water and minerals
prevents desiccation
high light
what acid does the unicellular yeast produce and what is its job
vulpinic
protection from herbivores
which organism is a bioaccumulator of atmospheric pollutants?
how
lichen
certain species won’t grow when there are high levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions
what phylum do these nonvascular plants belong to:
- mosses
- liverworts
- hornworts
bryophyta
hepaticophyta
anthoceratophyta
what makes a non-vascular plant non-vascular
lacks a xylem and phloem
the haploid gametophyte is the dominant phase
which of the three types of non vascular plants don’t have true stomata? why?
liverworts
the lack guard cells
stemlike structure that absorbs water and minerals
lacks cuticle and stomata
caulid
leave like structure that has cuticle but lacks stomata
phyllids
where is the cuticle located on the moss’ phyllids
upper surface
what anchors mosses to their substrate
rhizoids
filamentous structure that gives rise to gametophytes
protonema
why do moss gametophytes grow closely together
to maintain water and for mechanical support
what two conducting cells can be found in moss gametophytes
what kind of cells make up moss gametophytes
hydroid
leptoids
parenchyma
nonliving at maturity no protoplast no secondary wall analogous to xylem conducts water and minerals
hydroid
living at maturity has protoplast anucleate analogous to phloem conduct photosynthates and sugars
leptoid
what is found at the tip of moss that makes an egg
archegonia
what makes sperm for mosses
antherida
are moss gametophytes capable of meiosis
nopeeee
is the moss sporophyte connected to the gametophyte?
how?
yes
via the foot
allows for the movement of sugar and h2o to the sporophyte
foot
stalk of the sporophyte
seta
what is found at the tip of the seta
sporangium
does the moss sporophyte have stomata?
conducting tisse?
yes
depends
what has to fall off before spores are released from the sporphytes
operculum
what phylum do ferns belong to
polypodiophyta
what is dominant form of ferns in alternation of generations
sporophyte
what phylum do conifers belong to
pinophyta
what are the leaves called on the fern sporophyte
fronds
cluster of sporangia found on the underside of a fern sporophyte frond
sori
heart shaped thallus
NO vascular tissue
rhizoids for anchorage
fern gametophyte
only one type of spore is produced
homosporous
two types of spore are produced
heterosporous
leaf that lacking vascular tissue
prophyll
leaf that has a single unbranched vascular bundle
microphyll
leaf has branching vasculature
megaphyll
leaves that bear sporangia
sporophyll
sporophylls that aggregated to form cones
strobili
what leaf form do ferns exhibit
megaphyll
