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Plant Bio > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
Which kingdom is this:
unicellular & multicellular
eukaryotic
do not display tissue differentiation
not a natural kingdom
A

kingdom protista

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2
Q 
What organism is this:
predominantly aquatic
photosynthetic eukaryote
uni or multicellular
evolved via endosymbiosis
A

algae

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3
Q 
Which phyla of alga is described:
aquatic and terrestrial  
unicellular, filamentous, or colonial
multicellular seaweed
structurally diverse
biochemically similar
A

chlorophtya

green algae

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4
Q

organism made up of multinucleate mass of protoplasm enclosed by one cell wall
ie: caulerpa

A

coenocyte

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5
Q

what type of algae undergoes isomorphic alternation of generations?
what does isomorphic mean?

A

ulva

haploid and diploid phase look very similar

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6
Q

identify the type of reproduction:

  1. 2 flagellated gametes of the same size
  2. 2 flagellated gametes of diff size
  3. non motile egg and flagellated sperm
A
  1. isogamous
  2. ansiogamous
  3. oogamous
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7
Q

chlorophyll a and b
carotenoids
cell walls w/ cellulose

A

green algae

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8
Q

what organism did land plants evolve from

A

green algae

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9
Q

what organism does green algae have a mutualistic relationship with

A

3 toed sloth

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10
Q 
what family of algae is described:
macroalgae
mostly marine
found in intertidal zone
cellulose in cell wall
use trumpet cells
A

chromophyta

brown algae

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11
Q

what are trumpet cells analogous to

what does it transport

A

sieve tube members of phloem

sugars

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12
Q 
what type of algae is described here:
chlorophyll a and c
carotenoids
fucoxanthin
glucose reserves
cell wall is cellulose and slimy material
A

chromophyta

brown algae

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13
Q

what color is the carotenoid fucoxanthin

A

brown

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14
Q

name these giant kelp parts!

  1. leaf like structure
  2. sac attached to blade
  3. stem like structure
  4. roots kelp to substrate
A
  1. blade
  2. air bladder
  3. stipe
  4. holdfast
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15
Q

what does the air bladder/pneumatocyst do for the kelp

A

keep it floating upright

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16
Q 
what family of algae is this:
mostly macroalgae
marine
red
edible species
A

rhodophyta

red algae

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17
Q 
what algae is described here:
chlorophyll a
carotenoids
phycobillins
storage molecule is floridean starch
cell wall made up of cellulose and slimy mucilages
A

red algae

rhodophyta

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18
Q

what color pigment are phycoerythrin

A

red

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19
Q

what is harvested by horses and used an emulsifier in toothpaste and icecream

A

carrageenan

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20
Q

do rhodophyta have flagellated cells or a typical life cycle

A

no ma’am

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21
Q

is lichen a single organism?

if not what is it made up of?

A

nope

mycobiont and photobiont

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22
Q

what kingdom do the algae in lichen come from

A

protista or bacteriae

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23
Q

what fungal partners make up lichen?
which is the most common
what is the third component of lichen that was recently discovered?

A

ascomycota
basidiomycota
ascomycota
cyphobasidium

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24
Q

what are the four main genera of algal partner and which phylum do they belong to

A

trebouxia and trentepohlia- green algae

nostoc and scytonema- cyanobacterium

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25
Q

are the algae obligate symbionts

are the fungi obligate symbionts

A

no

yes

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26
Q

what color are lichens in Antarctica

A

orange

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27
Q

what type of lichen is the epiphyte lace lichen

A

fruticose

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28
Q

where was the first lichen found and where did it grow

where was the second lichen like fossil found and where did it grow

A

scotland; terrestrial

china; marine

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29
Q

what anchors lichen to their substrate

A

rhizines

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30
Q

what morphology does the lichen exhibit

A

that of the fungus

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31
Q

what are two ways the the algal cells are distributed in lichen

A

evenly or in a thin layer among the fungal hyphae

32
Q

what are the 3 lichen growth forms

A

crustose
foliose
fruticose

33
Q

Name this growth form:
flat
grow tightly appressed to substrate

A

crustose

34
Q

Name this growth form:
flat with leaf like lobes
not so tightly appressed

A

foliose

35
Q

Name this growth form:
erect
branched
shrub-like

A

fruticose

36
Q

how do lichens asexually reproduce

how are they distributed

A

use soredia that have both algal and fungal cells

wind

37
Q

how do lichens sexually reproduce

how are they distributed

A

use ascocarps and ascospores
wind
obtain algal partner by chance

38
Q

what does the photobiont provide for the lichen

A

food

39
Q

what does the mycobiont provide for the lichen

A

water and minerals
prevents desiccation
high light

40
Q

what acid does the unicellular yeast produce and what is its job

A

vulpinic

protection from herbivores

41
Q

which organism is a bioaccumulator of atmospheric pollutants?
how

A

lichen

certain species won’t grow when there are high levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions

42
Q

what phylum do these nonvascular plants belong to:

  1. mosses
  2. liverworts
  3. hornworts
A

bryophyta
hepaticophyta
anthoceratophyta

43
Q

what makes a non-vascular plant non-vascular

A

lacks a xylem and phloem

the haploid gametophyte is the dominant phase

44
Q

which of the three types of non vascular plants don’t have true stomata? why?

A

liverworts

the lack guard cells

45
Q

stemlike structure that absorbs water and minerals

lacks cuticle and stomata

A

caulid

46
Q

leave like structure that has cuticle but lacks stomata

A

phyllids

47
Q

where is the cuticle located on the moss’ phyllids

A

upper surface

48
Q

what anchors mosses to their substrate

A

rhizoids

49
Q

filamentous structure that gives rise to gametophytes

A

protonema

50
Q

why do moss gametophytes grow closely together

A

to maintain water and for mechanical support

51
Q

what two conducting cells can be found in moss gametophytes

what kind of cells make up moss gametophytes

A

hydroid
leptoids
parenchyma

52
Q 
nonliving at maturity
no protoplast
no secondary wall
analogous to xylem
conducts water and minerals
A

hydroid

53
Q 
living at maturity 
has protoplast
anucleate
analogous to phloem
conduct photosynthates and sugars
A

leptoid

54
Q

what is found at the tip of moss that makes an egg

A

archegonia

55
Q

what makes sperm for mosses

A

antherida

56
Q

are moss gametophytes capable of meiosis

A

nopeeee

57
Q

is the moss sporophyte connected to the gametophyte?

how?

A

yes

via the foot

58
Q

allows for the movement of sugar and h2o to the sporophyte

A

foot

59
Q

stalk of the sporophyte

A

seta

60
Q

what is found at the tip of the seta

A

sporangium

61
Q

does the moss sporophyte have stomata?

conducting tisse?

A

yes

depends

62
Q

what has to fall off before spores are released from the sporphytes

A

operculum

63
Q

what phylum do ferns belong to

A

polypodiophyta

64
Q

what is dominant form of ferns in alternation of generations

A

sporophyte

65
Q

what phylum do conifers belong to

A

pinophyta

66
Q

what are the leaves called on the fern sporophyte

A

fronds

67
Q

cluster of sporangia found on the underside of a fern sporophyte frond

A

sori

68
Q

heart shaped thallus
NO vascular tissue
rhizoids for anchorage

A

fern gametophyte

69
Q

only one type of spore is produced

A

homosporous

70
Q

two types of spore are produced

A

heterosporous

71
Q

leaf that lacking vascular tissue

A

prophyll

72
Q

leaf that has a single unbranched vascular bundle

A

microphyll

73
Q

leaf has branching vasculature

A

megaphyll

74
Q

leaves that bear sporangia

A

sporophyll

75
Q

sporophylls that aggregated to form cones

A

strobili

76
Q

what leaf form do ferns exhibit

A

megaphyll

Plant Bio (3 decks)

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