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Plant Bio > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what greek words make up angio sperm

A

angeion and sperma

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2
Q

what do ageion and sperma mean

A

receptacle & seed

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3
Q

what phylum are angiosperms in

A

magnoliaphyta

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4
Q

part of the plant that facilitates reproduction and is found at the end of the stalk (peduncle)

A

flower

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5
Q

stalk that connects the flower to the plant

A

peduncle

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6
Q

enlarged tip of the peduncle where the floral organs are attached

A

receptacle

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7
Q

group of florets on a common axis

A

inflorescence

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8
Q

spore producing organ

A

sporangium

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9
Q

gamete producing organ

A

gametangium

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10
Q

what are the different types of inflorescences

A

umbel, spike, capitulum

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11
Q

what are the two classes of angiosperm

A

moncotyledonae & dicotyledonae

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12
Q

root with pith
scattered stem vasculature
parallel veins
floral organs in 3s

A

moncotyledonae

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13
Q

example of a monocotyledonae

A

lily, palm, orchid, grass

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14
Q

root with central xylem
ring pattern vasculature
netted veins
floral organs in 4s or 5s

A

dicotyledonae

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15
Q

example of dicotyledonae

A

oak, sunflower, roses, cacti

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16
Q

what are the four floral organs

A

sepals, petals, carpel, stamen

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17
Q

outermost organ that protects the flower

plural: calyx

A

sepal

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18
Q

organ that attracts pollinators

plural: corolla

A

petals

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19
Q

male flower organ that produces pollen/sperm

plural: androecium

A

stamen

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20
Q

what two organs make up the stamen

A

anther and filament

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21
Q

female flower organ that produces ovule and eggs

plural: gynoecium

A

carpel

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22
Q

what does the carpel consist of

A

stigma, style, ovary

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23
Q

complete flower

A

has all four floral organs

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24
Q

incomplete flower

A

has three floral organs

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25
Q

perfect flower

A

has stamen and carpel

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26
Q

imperfect flower

A

has only stamen or only carpel

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27
Q

pollination

A

transfer of pollen from anther to stigma via insect, animal, wind, or water vector

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28
Q

a sporophyte is flowering plant

A

TRUE

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29
Q

are the gametophyte and sporophyte separate in flowering plants

A

no

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30
Q

what is the seed called

A

ovule

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31
Q

what is the fruit called

A

ovary

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32
Q

what is the seed coat called and how many are found in a flowering plant ovule

A

integument

2

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33
Q

what ploidy is the endosperm

A

triploid

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34
Q

two main types of fruit

A

fleshy and dry

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35
Q

types of fleshy fruit

A

simple and complex

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36
Q

single carpel or several united carpels
derived from a SINGLE flower
subcategory: drupe and berry

A

simple fleshy fruit

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37
Q

hard stony endocarp
fleshy mesocarp
single seed
ie: avocado & cherry

A

drupe

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38
Q

fleshy pericarp
many seeds
ie: tomato

A

berry

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39
Q

what are the three types of modified berries

A

hesperidium, pepo, pome

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40
Q

leathery pericarp
oil gland
contains family Rutaceae

A

hesperidium

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41
Q

pericarp is a hard rind

contains family Cucurbitaceae

A

pepo

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42
Q

fruit wall composed of mostly receptacle tissue

ie: apple

A

pome

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43
Q

type of fleshy fruit derived from more than one more carpel on a single flower or multiple flower
subgroups: aggregate fruit and multiple fruit

A

complex fleshy fruit

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44
Q

derived from many carpels on a SINGLE flower

ie: raspberry

A

aggregate fruit

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45
Q

derived from carpels on MULTIPLE flowers of a single inflorescence
ie: pineapple

A

multiple fruit

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46
Q

what type of fruit is a strawberry

A

aggregate accessory fruit

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47
Q

modified multiple fruit derived from a fleshy receptacle from multiple flowers
ie: fig

A

synconium

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48
Q

two types of dry fruits

A

dehiscent & indehiscent

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49
Q

what are types of dehiscent fruits and what does it mean? how many seeds are there?

A

pericarp splits open at maturity
legume, capsule, follicle
more than one

50
Q

1 carpel
splits along TWO seams
seed attached to one half of split fruit
ie: peas

A

legume

51
Q

1 carpel
splits along ONE seam
ie: milkweed

A

follicle

52
Q

several carpels
seeds released through multiple seams or pores
ie: opium poppy, lily, iris

A

capsule

53
Q

what are the types of indehiscent fruits

how many seeds are there

A

nut, samara, achene, caryopsis

only one

54
Q

hard & thick pericarp
cup or bract at base
multiple carpel and all but one degenerate
ie: acorn

A

nut

55
Q

single carpel
thin winged pericarp for wind dispersal
ie: maple

A

samara

56
Q

single carpel
thin pericarp
seed attached via finniculus
ie: sunflower

A

achene

57
Q

single carpel
thin pericarp
testa fused to pericarp
ie: corn

A

caryopsis

58
Q

what alkaloids does opium carry

A

morphine and codeine

59
Q

describe the testa of a dicot seed (what type of cells is it made of & what does it protect)
what does it develop from

A

composed on sclerenchyma cells and protects the embryo

integuments

60
Q

shoot above the cotyledons consisting of the stem and leaves

A

plumule

61
Q

term that refers to the stem only

A

epicotyl

62
Q

hypocotyl

A

stem below the cotyledons

63
Q

tip of the hypocotyl or the embryonic root

A

radicle

64
Q

do dicot seeds have endosperm? why or why not

A

NO, it is broken down and used for nutrients

65
Q

example of a dicot that has endosperm

A

castor bean

66
Q

what toxin is found in castor beans?

what does it do?

A

ricin

it’s a ribosomal inactivating protein

67
Q

scar where the funiculus was attached

A

hilum

68
Q

small pore at the base of the hilum

A

micropyle

69
Q

describe the testa of a monocot seed

A

fused to the thin pericarp

70
Q

outside sheath for protecting plumule

A

coleoptile

71
Q

protective sheath @ the tip of radicle

A

coleorhiza

72
Q

what is the food reserve for dicot seeds

A

cotyledons

73
Q

what is the food reserve for monocot seeds

A

endosperm

74
Q

what are the three main types of food reserves

A

starch
lipids
proteins

75
Q

what organelle is starch found in

is it pigmented

A

amyloplasts

no

76
Q

what organelle are lipids found in

is it pigmented

A

elaioplast

no

77
Q

what is another pigmented plast (besides chloroplast) and what pigment does it produce

A

chromoplast

yellow, orange, red

78
Q

what is our fave banana type and what is killing it

how does it enter and kill the banana

A 
Cavendish
Panama disease (tropical race 4--- fungus that gets into the vascular tissue
79
Q

what stains for lipids… starches

A

sudan 4

IKI

80
Q

primary plant body
reproduces via mitosis
gives rise to parenchyma cells

A

apical meristem

81
Q

what are the 3 mature types of parenchyma cells

A

parenchyma
sclerenchyma
collenchyma

82
Q

what are the two tissue types

A

simple and complex

83
Q

simple tissue

A

only ONE type of cell (parenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma)

84
Q

alive at maturity
primary, thin cell wall
most common cell type
many functions including photosynthesis and starch storage

A

parenchyma

85
Q 
alive at maturity
primary, unevenly thick cell wall
support growing tissue
plastic deformation 
rare
A

collenchyma

86
Q 
dead at maturity 
thin primary wall
thick secondary wall
lignin 
supports non growing tissue
elastic deformation
A

sclerenchyma

87
Q

ligin

A

found in sclerenchyma
promotes strength
hydrophobic

88
Q

two types of sclerenchyma

subgroups of the two types

A

non transport: sclereids and fibers

transport: vessel elements & tracheids

89
Q

what is the sclereids’ function

A

make up the seed coat used for protection

90
Q

what is the fibers’ function

A

protection and support

91
Q

more than one cell type
xylem
phloem
epidermis

A

complex tissue

92
Q
  1. what two cell types make up the xylem
  2. which cell type makes up the vessel elements that transports minerals and H2O and is involved in conduction
  3. Which cell type is necessary for storage
  4. What form of transport sclerenchyma are found here
A
  1. parenchyma and sclerenchyma
  2. sclerenchyma
  3. parenchyma
  4. tracheids OR vessel elements
93
Q
  1. what two cell types make up the phloem
  2. which cell type makes up the sieve tube member transports sucrose and is involved in conduction
  3. what type of sclerenchyma is used for mechanical support
A
  1. parenchyma and sclerenchyma
  2. parenchyma
  3. fibers
94
Q 
parenchyma cells
long distance transport
has pores for phloem sap movement
has plates to end walls
anucleate a maturity
A

sieve tube member

95
Q

parenchyma cells
short distance transport of sucrose
nucleate at maturity

A

companion cell

96
Q

what happens to the parenchyma cells in the epidermis

A

they become scelerified

97
Q

acts as boundary that interacts with the environment via stomata and trichomes

A

epidermis

98
Q

glandular or not
uni or multicellular
outgrowths
water uptake, secretion, protection

A

trichomes

99
Q

what substance do cannabis trichomes secrete

which one gets you high

A

THC and CBD (isomers)

THC

100
Q

what does the shoot apical meristem become via stem cell division

A

stem, buds, leaves

101
Q

which way does the shoot apical meristem grow

this makes it _____ geotropic

A

grows up to the sky

negative

102
Q

which way does the root apical meristem grow and what does it do
this makes is ______ geotropic

A

grows down to elongate the root

postive

103
Q

what is the purpose of the root cap

A

protect RAM
secrete mucigel
gravity perception

104
Q

lubricant for easy movement through soil
stimulates bacterial growth for nutrient uptake
polysaccharide

A

mucigel

105
Q

what are the three overlapping zones of the root tip

A

cell division
elongation
maturation

106
Q

is there absorption during root tip cell division

A

no

107
Q

is there absorption during elongation zone of root tip

A

no

108
Q

does absorption occur during maturation zone?

what else is happening

A

yes!
growth of root hairs
parenchyma cells differentiate

109
Q

what are the main functions of stems and branches

A

bear leaves, flowers, fruit
conduct water, minerals, and sugars
store food

110
Q

what are the main functions of roots

A

anchorage
absorption
store food

111
Q

what causes carrots to be purple… orange

A

anthocyanins

beta-carotene

112
Q

biofortication

A

breeding critical vitamins and nutrients in staple crops

113
Q 
primary root is derived from embryonic root from inside the seed
grows down (positive geoptropic growth)
ie: dandelion, carrot, parnsip
A

tap root system

114
Q

primary root replaced by adventitious root

A

fibrous root system

115
Q 
what type of stem anatomy is this:
ring vascular bundle
central pith 
secondary growth
herbaceous or woody
A

dicot

116
Q 
what type of stem anatomy is this:
scattered vascular bundle
no pith
no secondary growth
herbaceous
A

monocot

117
Q

what type of root anatomy is this:
central xylem
phloem
no pith

A

dicot

118
Q

what type of root anatomy is this:
xylem: ring
phloem: ring
central pith

A

monocot

119
Q

innermost cortex layer with closely packed cells and no intracellular space
consists of suberin, casparian strip, transverse and radial cell walls

A

endodermis

120
Q

lateral roots are _____ meaning they are formed deep within the parent root

A

adrongynous

121
Q

how does a lateral root form

A

pericycle cells become mitotically active and develop into a root that grows through the cortex and epidermis

Plant Bio (3 decks)

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