Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what greek words make up angio sperm
A
angeion and sperma
2
Q
what do ageion and sperma mean
A
receptacle & seed
3
Q
what phylum are angiosperms in
A
magnoliaphyta
4
Q
part of the plant that facilitates reproduction and is found at the end of the stalk (peduncle)
A
flower
5
Q
stalk that connects the flower to the plant
A
peduncle
6
Q
enlarged tip of the peduncle where the floral organs are attached
A
receptacle
7
Q
group of florets on a common axis
A
inflorescence
8
Q
spore producing organ
A
sporangium
9
Q
gamete producing organ
A
gametangium
10
Q
what are the different types of inflorescences
A
umbel, spike, capitulum
11
Q
what are the two classes of angiosperm
A
moncotyledonae & dicotyledonae
12
Q
root with pith
scattered stem vasculature
parallel veins
floral organs in 3s
A
moncotyledonae
13
Q
example of a monocotyledonae
A
lily, palm, orchid, grass
14
Q
root with central xylem
ring pattern vasculature
netted veins
floral organs in 4s or 5s
A
dicotyledonae
15
Q
example of dicotyledonae
A
oak, sunflower, roses, cacti
16
Q
what are the four floral organs
A
sepals, petals, carpel, stamen
17
Q
outermost organ that protects the flower
plural: calyx
A
sepal
18
Q
organ that attracts pollinators
plural: corolla
A
petals
19
Q
male flower organ that produces pollen/sperm
plural: androecium
A
stamen
20
Q
what two organs make up the stamen
A
anther and filament
21
Q
female flower organ that produces ovule and eggs
plural: gynoecium
A
carpel
22
Q
what does the carpel consist of
A
stigma, style, ovary
23
Q
complete flower
A
has all four floral organs
24
Q
incomplete flower
A
has three floral organs
25
perfect flower
has stamen and carpel
26
imperfect flower
has only stamen or only carpel
27
pollination
transfer of pollen from anther to stigma via insect, animal, wind, or water vector
28
a sporophyte is flowering plant
TRUE
29
are the gametophyte and sporophyte separate in flowering plants
no
30
what is the seed called
ovule
31
what is the fruit called
ovary
32
what is the seed coat called and how many are found in a flowering plant ovule
integument
| 2
33
what ploidy is the endosperm
triploid
34
two main types of fruit
fleshy and dry
35
types of fleshy fruit
simple and complex
36
single carpel or several united carpels
derived from a SINGLE flower
subcategory: drupe and berry
simple fleshy fruit
37
hard stony endocarp
fleshy mesocarp
single seed
ie: avocado & cherry
drupe
38
fleshy pericarp
many seeds
ie: tomato
berry
39
what are the three types of modified berries
hesperidium, pepo, pome
40
leathery pericarp
oil gland
contains family Rutaceae
hesperidium
41
pericarp is a hard rind
| contains family Cucurbitaceae
pepo
42
fruit wall composed of mostly receptacle tissue
| ie: apple
pome
43
type of fleshy fruit derived from more than one more carpel on a single flower or multiple flower
subgroups: aggregate fruit and multiple fruit
complex fleshy fruit
44
derived from many carpels on a SINGLE flower
| ie: raspberry
aggregate fruit
45
derived from carpels on MULTIPLE flowers of a single inflorescence
ie: pineapple
multiple fruit
46
what type of fruit is a strawberry
aggregate accessory fruit
47
modified multiple fruit derived from a fleshy receptacle from multiple flowers
ie: fig
synconium
48
two types of dry fruits
dehiscent & indehiscent
49
what are types of dehiscent fruits and what does it mean? how many seeds are there?
pericarp splits open at maturity
legume, capsule, follicle
more than one
50
1 carpel
splits along TWO seams
seed attached to one half of split fruit
ie: peas
legume
51
1 carpel
splits along ONE seam
ie: milkweed
follicle
52
several carpels
seeds released through multiple seams or pores
ie: opium poppy, lily, iris
capsule
53
what are the types of indehiscent fruits
| how many seeds are there
nut, samara, achene, caryopsis
| only one
54
hard & thick pericarp
cup or bract at base
multiple carpel and all but one degenerate
ie: acorn
nut
55
single carpel
thin winged pericarp for wind dispersal
ie: maple
samara
56
single carpel
thin pericarp
seed attached via finniculus
ie: sunflower
achene
57
single carpel
thin pericarp
testa fused to pericarp
ie: corn
caryopsis
58
what alkaloids does opium carry
morphine and codeine
59
describe the testa of a dicot seed (what type of cells is it made of & what does it protect)
what does it develop from
composed on sclerenchyma cells and protects the embryo
| integuments
60
shoot above the cotyledons consisting of the stem and leaves
plumule
61
term that refers to the stem only
epicotyl
62
hypocotyl
stem below the cotyledons
63
tip of the hypocotyl or the embryonic root
radicle
64
do dicot seeds have endosperm? why or why not
NO, it is broken down and used for nutrients
65
example of a dicot that has endosperm
castor bean
66
what toxin is found in castor beans?
| what does it do?
ricin
| it's a ribosomal inactivating protein
67
scar where the funiculus was attached
hilum
68
small pore at the base of the hilum
micropyle
69
describe the testa of a monocot seed
fused to the thin pericarp
70
outside sheath for protecting plumule
coleoptile
71
protective sheath @ the tip of radicle
coleorhiza
72
what is the food reserve for dicot seeds
cotyledons
73
what is the food reserve for monocot seeds
endosperm
74
what are the three main types of food reserves
starch
lipids
proteins
75
what organelle is starch found in
| is it pigmented
amyloplasts
| no
76
what organelle are lipids found in
| is it pigmented
elaioplast
| no
77
what is another pigmented plast (besides chloroplast) and what pigment does it produce
chromoplast
| yellow, orange, red
78
what is our fave banana type and what is killing it
| how does it enter and kill the banana
```
Cavendish
Panama disease (tropical race 4--- fungus that gets into the vascular tissue
```
79
what stains for lipids... starches
sudan 4
| IKI
80
primary plant body
reproduces via mitosis
gives rise to parenchyma cells
apical meristem
81
what are the 3 mature types of parenchyma cells
parenchyma
sclerenchyma
collenchyma
82
what are the two tissue types
simple and complex
83
simple tissue
only ONE type of cell (parenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma)
84
alive at maturity
primary, thin cell wall
most common cell type
many functions including photosynthesis and starch storage
parenchyma
85
```
alive at maturity
primary, unevenly thick cell wall
support growing tissue
plastic deformation
rare
```
collenchyma
86
```
dead at maturity
thin primary wall
thick secondary wall
lignin
supports non growing tissue
elastic deformation
```
sclerenchyma
87
ligin
found in sclerenchyma
promotes strength
hydrophobic
88
two types of sclerenchyma
| subgroups of the two types
non transport: sclereids and fibers
| transport: vessel elements & tracheids
89
what is the sclereids' function
make up the seed coat used for protection
90
what is the fibers' function
protection and support
91
more than one cell type
xylem
phloem
epidermis
complex tissue
92
1. what two cell types make up the xylem
2. which cell type makes up the vessel elements that transports minerals and H2O and is involved in conduction
3. Which cell type is necessary for storage
4. What form of transport sclerenchyma are found here
1. parenchyma and sclerenchyma
2. sclerenchyma
3. parenchyma
4. tracheids OR vessel elements
93
1. what two cell types make up the phloem
2. which cell type makes up the sieve tube member transports sucrose and is involved in conduction
3. what type of sclerenchyma is used for mechanical support
1. parenchyma and sclerenchyma
2. parenchyma
3. fibers
94
```
parenchyma cells
long distance transport
has pores for phloem sap movement
has plates to end walls
anucleate a maturity
```
sieve tube member
95
parenchyma cells
short distance transport of sucrose
nucleate at maturity
companion cell
96
what happens to the parenchyma cells in the epidermis
they become scelerified
97
acts as boundary that interacts with the environment via stomata and trichomes
epidermis
98
glandular or not
uni or multicellular
outgrowths
water uptake, secretion, protection
trichomes
99
what substance do cannabis trichomes secrete
| which one gets you high
THC and CBD (isomers)
| THC
100
what does the shoot apical meristem become via stem cell division
stem, buds, leaves
101
which way does the shoot apical meristem grow
| this makes it _____ geotropic
grows up to the sky
| negative
102
which way does the root apical meristem grow and what does it do
this makes is ______ geotropic
grows down to elongate the root
| postive
103
what is the purpose of the root cap
protect RAM
secrete mucigel
gravity perception
104
lubricant for easy movement through soil
stimulates bacterial growth for nutrient uptake
polysaccharide
mucigel
105
what are the three overlapping zones of the root tip
cell division
elongation
maturation
106
is there absorption during root tip cell division
no
107
is there absorption during elongation zone of root tip
no
108
does absorption occur during maturation zone?
| what else is happening
yes!
growth of root hairs
parenchyma cells differentiate
109
what are the main functions of stems and branches
bear leaves, flowers, fruit
conduct water, minerals, and sugars
store food
110
what are the main functions of roots
anchorage
absorption
store food
111
what causes carrots to be purple... orange
anthocyanins
| beta-carotene
112
biofortication
breeding critical vitamins and nutrients in staple crops
113
```
primary root is derived from embryonic root from inside the seed
grows down (positive geoptropic growth)
ie: dandelion, carrot, parnsip
```
tap root system
114
primary root replaced by adventitious root
fibrous root system
115
```
what type of stem anatomy is this:
ring vascular bundle
central pith
secondary growth
herbaceous or woody
```
dicot
116
```
what type of stem anatomy is this:
scattered vascular bundle
no pith
no secondary growth
herbaceous
```
monocot
117
what type of root anatomy is this:
central xylem
phloem
no pith
dicot
118
what type of root anatomy is this:
xylem: ring
phloem: ring
central pith
monocot
119
innermost cortex layer with closely packed cells and no intracellular space
consists of suberin, casparian strip, transverse and radial cell walls
endodermis
120
lateral roots are _____ meaning they are formed deep within the parent root
adrongynous
121
how does a lateral root form
pericycle cells become mitotically active and develop into a root that grows through the cortex and epidermis
