Exam 3 Flashcards
Cranial and Spinal nerves are part of the ?
PNS
PNS: Somatic Nervous System
how many pairs of spinal nerves? (sensation and movement of the ?)
how many pairs of cranial nerves ? (sensation and movement of the ?)
31 (trunk, arms, legs)
12 (head, face, neck)
Functional org. of the nervous system
information types:
general and special?
general=
general + special=
muscle types:
fiber types:
(touch pain, temp.)
(olfaction, vision, equilibrium)
-spinal nerves
-cranial nerves
somatic (skeletal) and visceral (internal organs)
afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)
Communication of motor information from the brain to the spinal nerves
corticospinal tract
Communication of sensory information (discriminative touch sensory information) from the periphery to the brain:
fasciculous Gracilis: discriminative touch from lower half of the body
Fasciculous cuneatus: discriminative touch from upper half of the body
Comm. of sensory information (pain and temp) from periphery to brain
spinothalamic tract
nociceptors: receptors for pain
thermoreceptors: receptors for temp.
31 pairs of spinal nerves named for ?
8 12 5 5 1
where they enter and leave vertebral column
cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal
Spinal Nerves
help the CNS
connect
mediate
spinal nerves ? innervate ?
communicate with body
spinal cord to a muscle, organ, or gland
spinal reflexes
Cs, C4, C5 innervate the diaphragm
All spinal cord segments have
2 spinal nerves with dorsal and ventral root
Notice the crossing of motor and sensory fibers just before ?
dorsal ramus: mediates
ventral ramus: mediates
dorsal and ventral rami
motor and sensory information of the back
motor and sensory information of the trunk nd limbs
Cranial Nerves: Communication of
motor information: what tract? - Cell bodies (CN Nuclei) in? descend through activate ?
motor information from the brain to the cranial nerves
Corticobulbar -UMN tract - cerebral cortex internal capsule Cn motor nuclei (LMNs) in the brainstem
Cortical Innervation of Cranial Nerves
complex motor innervation: Bilateral Corticobulbar innervation - - - -
Facial (CN VIII) - upper face
Trigeminal (CN V) - masticators
Vagus (CN X) - pharynx and larynx
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - pharynx
Unilateral corticobulbar innervation:
Facial (CN VIII)- lower facial muscles
Accessory (CN XI) - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal (Cn XIII) - lingual muscles
CN III, IV, VI - ocular muscles
Communication of sensory information from the periphery to the brain
sensory information:
first order neurons: fibers outside of the ? bring in information from
second order neurons:
- brainstem
- fibers
- synapse on
third order neurons: fibers project from
CNS/ sensory receptors
gray matter
decussate
third order neurons in the thalamus
thalamus to sensory cortex
Cranial Nerve Nuclei
all cranial nerve nuclei are located in
-similar
cranial nerve form off of the
-similar to
there are 12 pairs of ?
- CI and CN II are part of the
- CNs III-XII have nuclei in the
CNS
-cell bodies of lower motor spinal neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord
nuclei and extend into the PNS
-axons of spinal LMNs exiting the spinal cord
forebrain
brainstem
Cranial Nerves important for comm.
trigeminal facial auditory glossopharyngeal vagus spinal accessory hypoglossal
Trigeminal Nerve: CN
mixed or single ?
what innervation
3 branches
sensory: Pain and sensation from the ?
tested by touching areas of the
mixed: sensory and motor bilateral cortical -opthalamic -maxillary -mandibular
face, anterior scalp, anterior 2/3 of the tongue, mucosal membranes of the nose and mouth, the teeth and portions of the dura mater
face and gum and asking person to clench teeth
Trigeminal Nerve: CN V
motor nucleus in ?
-exit with
muscles of ? - - - - other muscles -Mylohyoid -Anterior belly of the digastric -tensor veli palatini: when contracted tenses the ? -tensor tympani: muscle to the ?
mid pons
-mandibular branch
mastication (jaw movements for chewing) -medial/internal pterygoid -lateral/external pterygoid: only jaw opening muscles temporalis masseter
elevate hyoid bone and depress jaw
-soft palate helping to prevent food from entering nasal cavity/ opens eustachian tube
eardrum, restricts its movement to protect ear from loud sounds including chewing
Facial Nerve: Mixed or single ? sensory: taste sensation from
motor:
motor nuclei exit the ?
motor to the muscles of ?
controls?
mixed
-anterior 2/3rd of tongue
ear
caudal pons (junction between pons and medulla) -facial expression -buccinator obicularis oris risorius tear gland
Cortical Innervation of the facial nerve:
two upper quadrants receive
two lower quadrants receive only
damage patterns for
bilateral information from motor cortices
contralateral innervation
UMN and LMN
Vestibulocochlear nerve: CN VIII sensory nerve for sometimes called 2 branches: vestibular: -maitenance of -coordination of -stabilization of auditory acoustic: -mediates
hearing and balance
- acoustic or auditory
- equilibrium
- head and body movements
- visual fixation point during movement
audition
Glossopharyngeal nerve: CN IX
mixed or single special sensory: somatosensory: motor: -motor nuclei located in -innervates -elevates -elevates -dilates the pharynx to permit the mediates
mixed
- taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
- information from posterior 1/3 tongue, tonsil, pharynx
-medulla
-stylopharyngeus and upper pharyngeal constrictor (used in swallowing)
-larynx
-pharynx
-passage of a large food bolus, so facilitating swallowing
gag reflex
Vagus Nerve: CN X
the ?
- most extensive
- for SLPs its most important functions relate to the control of
mixed or single ?
what percent sensory
what percent motor
wanderer
- distribution in the body
- muscles for swallowing and phonation
mixed
- 90
- 10
Vagus Nerve CN X continued recurrent ? most crucial branch for ? called recurrent because R and L nerve take on motor and sensory to all ? except?
laryngeal nerve
- speech and swallowing
- doubles back on itself
- different paths
- intrinsic musculature
- cricothyroid
Spinal accessory nerve -mixed or single cranial portion -arise from -helps
spinal portion:
- arise from
- controls muscles used in
motor
- nucleus ambiguous (medulla)
- innervate larynx
first 5 or 6 segments of the spinal cord
-head movements
Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
mixed or single
motor nuclei arise from
innervates
motor
medulla
tongue muscles
