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Neurology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial and Spinal nerves are part of the ?

A

PNS

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2
Q

PNS: Somatic Nervous System

how many pairs of spinal nerves? (sensation and movement of the ?)
how many pairs of cranial nerves ? (sensation and movement of the ?)

A

31 (trunk, arms, legs)

12 (head, face, neck)

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3
Q

Functional org. of the nervous system

information types:
general and special?
general=
general + special=

muscle types:

fiber types:

A

(touch pain, temp.)
(olfaction, vision, equilibrium)
-spinal nerves
-cranial nerves

somatic (skeletal) and visceral (internal organs)

afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

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4
Q

Communication of motor information from the brain to the spinal nerves

A

corticospinal tract

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5
Q

Communication of sensory information (discriminative touch sensory information) from the periphery to the brain:

A

fasciculous Gracilis: discriminative touch from lower half of the body

Fasciculous cuneatus: discriminative touch from upper half of the body

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6
Q

Comm. of sensory information (pain and temp) from periphery to brain

A

spinothalamic tract

nociceptors: receptors for pain
thermoreceptors: receptors for temp.

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7
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves named for ?

8
12
5
5
1
A

where they enter and leave vertebral column

cervical 
thoracic
lumbar
sacral 
coccygeal
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8
Q

Spinal Nerves

help the CNS
connect
mediate
spinal nerves ? innervate ?

A

communicate with body

spinal cord to a muscle, organ, or gland

spinal reflexes

Cs, C4, C5 innervate the diaphragm

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9
Q

All spinal cord segments have

A

2 spinal nerves with dorsal and ventral root

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10
Q

Notice the crossing of motor and sensory fibers just before ?

dorsal ramus: mediates

ventral ramus: mediates

A

dorsal and ventral rami

motor and sensory information of the back

motor and sensory information of the trunk nd limbs

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11
Q

Cranial Nerves: Communication of

motor information: 
what tract?
-
Cell bodies (CN Nuclei) in?
descend through 
activate ?
A

motor information from the brain to the cranial nerves

Corticobulbar 
-UMN tract 
- cerebral cortex 
internal capsule 
Cn motor nuclei (LMNs) in the brainstem
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12
Q

Cortical Innervation of Cranial Nerves

complex motor innervation: 
Bilateral Corticobulbar innervation
-
-
-
-
A

Facial (CN VIII) - upper face
Trigeminal (CN V) - masticators
Vagus (CN X) - pharynx and larynx
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - pharynx

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13
Q

Unilateral corticobulbar innervation:

A

Facial (CN VIII)- lower facial muscles
Accessory (CN XI) - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal (Cn XIII) - lingual muscles

CN III, IV, VI - ocular muscles

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14
Q

Communication of sensory information from the periphery to the brain

sensory information:

first order neurons: fibers outside of the ? bring in information from

second order neurons:

  • brainstem
  • fibers
  • synapse on

third order neurons: fibers project from

A

CNS/ sensory receptors

gray matter
decussate
third order neurons in the thalamus

thalamus to sensory cortex

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15
Q

Cranial Nerve Nuclei

all cranial nerve nuclei are located in
-similar

cranial nerve form off of the
-similar to

there are 12 pairs of ?

  • CI and CN II are part of the
  • CNs III-XII have nuclei in the
A

CNS
-cell bodies of lower motor spinal neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord

nuclei and extend into the PNS
-axons of spinal LMNs exiting the spinal cord

forebrain
brainstem

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16
Q

Cranial Nerves important for comm.

A 
trigeminal 
facial 
auditory 
glossopharyngeal
vagus 
spinal accessory 
hypoglossal
17
Q

Trigeminal Nerve: CN

mixed or single ?
what innervation
3 branches

sensory: Pain and sensation from the ?
tested by touching areas of the

A 
mixed: sensory and motor 
bilateral cortical 
-opthalamic 
-maxillary 
-mandibular

face, anterior scalp, anterior 2/3 of the tongue, mucosal membranes of the nose and mouth, the teeth and portions of the dura mater

face and gum and asking person to clench teeth

18
Q

Trigeminal Nerve: CN V
motor nucleus in ?
-exit with

muscles of ?
-
-
-
-
other muscles
-Mylohyoid 
-Anterior belly of the digastric 
-tensor veli palatini: when contracted tenses the ?
-tensor tympani: muscle to the ?
A

mid pons
-mandibular branch

mastication (jaw movements for chewing) 
-medial/internal pterygoid 
-lateral/external pterygoid: only jaw opening muscles 
temporalis
masseter

elevate hyoid bone and depress jaw
-soft palate helping to prevent food from entering nasal cavity/ opens eustachian tube

eardrum, restricts its movement to protect ear from loud sounds including chewing

19
Q 
Facial Nerve: 
Mixed or single ?
sensory: 
taste
sensation from

motor:
motor nuclei exit the ?
motor to the muscles of ?
controls?

A

mixed
-anterior 2/3rd of tongue
ear

caudal pons (junction between pons and medulla) 
-facial expression 
-buccinator
obicularis oris
risorius 
tear gland
20
Q

Cortical Innervation of the facial nerve:
two upper quadrants receive
two lower quadrants receive only
damage patterns for

A

bilateral information from motor cortices
contralateral innervation
UMN and LMN

21
Q 
Vestibulocochlear nerve: CN VIII
sensory nerve for 
sometimes called 
2 branches: 
vestibular: 
-maitenance of 
-coordination of 
-stabilization of 
auditory acoustic:
-mediates
A

hearing and balance

  • acoustic or auditory
  • equilibrium
  • head and body movements
  • visual fixation point during movement

audition

22
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve: CN IX

mixed or single 
special sensory: 
somatosensory: 
motor: 
-motor nuclei located in 
-innervates 
-elevates
-elevates 
-dilates the pharynx to permit the 
mediates
A

mixed

  • taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
  • information from posterior 1/3 tongue, tonsil, pharynx

-medulla
-stylopharyngeus and upper pharyngeal constrictor (used in swallowing)
-larynx
-pharynx
-passage of a large food bolus, so facilitating swallowing
gag reflex

23
Q

Vagus Nerve: CN X

the ?

  • most extensive
  • for SLPs its most important functions relate to the control of

mixed or single ?
what percent sensory
what percent motor

A

wanderer

  • distribution in the body
  • muscles for swallowing and phonation

mixed

  • 90
  • 10
24
Q 
Vagus Nerve CN X continued 
recurrent ?
most crucial branch for ?
called recurrent because 
R and L nerve take on 
motor and sensory to all ? except?
A

laryngeal nerve

  • speech and swallowing
  • doubles back on itself
  • different paths
  • intrinsic musculature
  • cricothyroid
25
Q 
Spinal accessory nerve 
-mixed or single 
cranial portion 
-arise from 
-helps

spinal portion:

  • arise from
  • controls muscles used in
A

motor

  • nucleus ambiguous (medulla)
  • innervate larynx

first 5 or 6 segments of the spinal cord
-head movements

26
Q

Hypoglossal nerve CN XII

mixed or single

motor nuclei arise from
innervates

A

motor
medulla
tongue muscles

Neurology (17 decks)

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