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Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Defecation

A

Process of bowel elimination

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2
Q

Constipation

A

Less frequent hard stools that are difficult to pass.

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3
Q

Diarrhea

A

Several liquid or watery stools 3x or more a day.

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4
Q

Fecal impaction

A

A blockage of the movement of feces through the intestine by mass of very hard stool.

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5
Q

Flatus

A

Normal flora bacteria that interacts with chyme.

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6
Q

Concern lack of peristalsis

A 
Hard swallowing
Reflux
gas
severe constipation 
diarrhea
abdominal pain
vomiting
bloating
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7
Q

Infants will have how many bowel per day?

A

3-6 daily

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8
Q

As we get older the peristalsis tends to get what?

A

Decrease and prone to constipation.

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9
Q

Its is important to know what when it comes to normal BM?

A

The patient’s last BM.

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10
Q

What is the goal to maintain the normal bowel pattern?

A

At least every 3 days to prevent constipation.

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11
Q

Normally how long does it take after eating to have a BM

A

30 minutes - 1 hour

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12
Q

Normal color of BM

A

Brown color and if the person eats something that is spinach, it can be green or when the person eats beets it can be red.
Iron suppliments it can be dark brown or black.

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13
Q

Normal consistency

A

Soft, formed consistancy

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14
Q

Normal odor

A

Slight odor

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15
Q

Normal Shape

A

Curved stool

If the person has ribbon like shape, it can indicate tumor or colon cancer.

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16
Q

Estatorea

A

Fat in the stool, it floats and it is foul. (malabsorption)

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17
Q

Infection in stool

A

Mucous, blood or pus

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18
Q

Before assuming about the characteristic of the stool, what do we need to know?

A

Dietary changes or medication.

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19
Q

Constipation signs & symptoms

A 
Hypoactive (fewer than 5 clicks)
Bloated
cramping
stomach hurts
not feeling well.
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20
Q

Signs& symptoms of fecal impaction

A

severely dehydrated
several liquid stool per day because of the blockage.
smears in the underwear.

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21
Q

What happen if the fecal impaction is not relieved?

A

Obstruction or perforation of the bowel wall can occur.

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22
Q

Who is more susceptible to fecal impaction?

A

Elderly
Patient in bed rest
Severely dehydrated
abused in laxative.

23
Q

Signs and symptoms of diarrhea

A

Loose watery stool 3x per day

Cramps and urge to defecate.

24
Q

What can happen in a person with diarrhea?

A

Lack of fluid, or even electrolytes.
Can have a skin condition because the fecal matter is bad for the skin. (this usually occurs in the elderly, infants, and children.

25
Steatorrhea
Fluffy floats on water and has a foul odor is due to undigested fat
26
Abnormal feces color
Yellow and greasy and has foul odor also may be due to pancreatitis and. pancreatic cancer.
27
Ribbon shaped
compression on the colon by a tumor. Colon cancer
28
Blood, mucus, and pus can indicate
infection and inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.
29
Parasites in stool
thread-like worms and granules that are parasite eggs.
30
Stool that is pale or clay color
Indicates a lack of bile in the intestine, which may be due to liver or gallbladder disease.
31
Amount of red blood can indicate:
Hemorrhoids
32
A larger amount of bright red blood will indicate:
Bleeding or hemorrhage from the colon.
33
The maroon color stool can indicate
bleeding from the small intestine
34
Black and Tarry stool with a foul smell
Bleeding from the stomach. Melena.
35
Borborygmi
Excessive loud gurgling. Indicated hunger. Bowel Obstruction if not hungry.
36
Factors contributing to constipation
``` Decreased activity level Pregnancy Changes in food intake Decreased in fluid intake Medication side effects Surgery Depression Aging Laxative abuse Nerve damage ```
37
Intervensions for constipation
Increased activity 3-4x/day Determine patients normal BM frequency pattern Carefully track and document bowel characteristics Assess bowel signs Reposition patient at least every 2 hours. Encourage fluids as allowed by health-care provider Encourage fiber intake, whole grains, fruits and veggies.
38
Fluid intake should be
1500-2500ml/day
39
Fiber intake
25-35 g/day
40
Tap water
``` 500-1000ml For cleansing Hypotonic, no for infants, children, or CHF Increases peristalsis. Allows fluid to move through intestinal. ```
41
Normal Saline 0.9%
500-1000 ml | Isotonic: adds fluid to the colon that does not move.
42
Normal saline volume by age
Infant: 50-150ml Toddlers 150-350 ml School-age:350-500 ml
43
Soapsuds (castile soap only)
5ml of soap/1000ml | Distending the colon and irritating the walls of the colon, which increases peristalsis.
44
Hypertonic sodium phosphate
120 ml Hypertonic pulls fluid from the intestinal to soften the stool. Normally used only by adults.
45
Oil retention
120 ml Soften hard stools (impaction) Making it easier to remove. Instill 1 hour before.
46
Medicated enemas
As ordered Exchange of substances and decreases inflammation May require balloon to hold meds.
47
Steroid enemas
Decrease inflammation in the walls of the rectum.
48
Kayexelate enema
Pulls potassium from the body.
49
Milk and molasses
As ordered Cleansing Hypertonic solution Must be heated and cool to body temp.
50
Return flow (Harris flush and siphon enema
500-1000ml | Removes flatus
51
High enema
500-1000ml | Cleanse higher up in the colon
52
The water temp of enemas should be between
105-110F
53
The normal insert tip
3-4 inches.
54
Contraindications to enemas
``` Rectal surgery Severe bleeding hemorrhoids Ulcer, Crohn disease Rectal fissure Rectal cancer certain heart condition heart attack unstable angina. ```

Fundamentals (9 decks)

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