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Fundamentals > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 vital signs?

A

Blood pressure, O2 saturation, Respiration, Temperature, Pulse, Pain.

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2
Q

Why are vital signs signifiant?

A

It regulates the organs and the body.
Provides data on the overall condition of the body.
Provides changes on the baseline against which you can measure.

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3
Q

When to asses?

A

Admission, routine visits, according to patient or policyholder, patients complaints or changes, when admin certain medication, procedures, If there is a major change in the VS.

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4
Q

Core temperature

A

Is the temperature of the deeper tissues and structures.

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5
Q

Thermoregulation.

A

The regulation of the body’s temperature controlled by the hypothalamus.

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6
Q

Normal body temperature:

A

98.6 F

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7
Q

Normal oral temperature range:

A

97.6-99.6

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8
Q

Normal tympanic temp range:

A

97.6-99.6 F

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9
Q

Normal rectal range

A

98.6-100.6 F

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10
Q

Normal axillary temp range:

A

96.6-98F

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11
Q

Hypothermia

A

When the body’s temperature falls below 95F.

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12
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Measurement of pressure or tension of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries in the vascular system.

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13
Q

Stoke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected in one contraction

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14
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped from the heart in a full minute.

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15
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic BP

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16
Q

Normal BP

A

Less than 120/80

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17
Q

Hypotension

A

Suddenly falls 20-30 mmHg

Falls below 100/60

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18
Q

Stage 1 hypertension BP

A

130-139/80-89

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19
Q

Stage 2 Hypertension

A

Greater than 140/90

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20
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

BP cuff

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21
Q

Define auscultatory

A

The period which sound indicating true systolic pressure fade away and comes back in a weaker point.

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22
Q

How to avoid auscultatory gap?

A

Making sure to palpate while the cuff pressure is rapidly increased.

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23
Q

Define pulse

A

A rhythmic pulsing throbbing or the artery as blood goes through it.

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24
Q

Where is the apical pulse located? Why would you want to take an apical pulse?

A

Over the apex of the heart. 3-4 inches left of the sternum in the 5th intercostal space. Most accurate pulse. Atrial and ventricles information we ausculte (listen with stethoscope.) Full minute.

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25
Q

Define pulse deficit

A

pulse deficit is the difference between the systolic and diastolic rate.

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26
Q

3 factors of taking pulse

A

Rhytym, How many BPM, Strength (volume)

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27
Q

Pulse sites

A 
Temporal: over the temporal bone.
Carotid: side of the neck.
Brachial: ante cubical
Radial: wrist parallel to the thumb
Femoral: Groin 
Popliteal: begins the knee 
Posterior tibialis:  side of the ankle 
Dorsalis pedis: on top of the foot
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28
Q

Bradycardia

A

A pulse less than 60 bpm

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29
Q

Tachycardia

A

Greater than 100 bpm

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30
Q

Normal pulse range

A

60-100 bpm

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31
Q

Pulse range depending on age (bpm)

A

Newborns: 120-160
1-2: 90-120
3-18: 80-100
Adults: 60-100

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32
Q

Volume of pulse

A

3+ is bounding pulse is very full pulse, easy to feel, and bounding.
2+ is normal and easily directed but you can obliterate.
1+ pulse is weak and will obliterate with one
Thready very faint- very hard to feel.
0 absent- no pulse.

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33
Q

What is capillary refill time?

A

Indication if there is an adequate circulation. This is tested under the nail bed.
Normal: less than 3 secs on adults and children.
Within 5 secs in the elderly.

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34
Q

Respiration

A

Is interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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35
Q

Bradypnea

A

Respiratory rate below 12/minute

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36
Q

Tachypnea

A

Respiratory rate exceeds 20 respiration’s/minute

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37
Q

Describe external respiration

A

Breathe into the lungs and then the lung exchange gas with the heart.

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38
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange o2 between the tissues and the blood

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39
Q

Normal respiration range

A 
12-20- Adult
30-60 newborn
20-40 infants
20-30 children
14-25 adolescence
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40
Q

Characteristics of respiratory rate besides rate:

A

Depth (shallow, normal, deep)
Effort (if it’s labored)
Rhythm (regular or irregular)

41
Q

Common lung sounds

A

Normal: heart it coming in and out
Adventitious: anything other than normal breathe sound.
Wheezing: musical whistling
Crackles: some fluid or secretion in the lungs.
Rhonchi: low pitch sound.

42
Q

the National Safety Goals established by?

A

The joint commission

43
Q

Six factors that continue to unsafe patient setting:

A 
Age
Impaired mobility
Communication
Pain and discomfort
Delay assistant
Equipment
44
Q

Strategies for preventing fall:

A

Morse fall scale
Timed get up and go scale
Restraint alternatives: leg monitor, bed monitor.

45
Q

When to use RACE?

A

If the fire is in your area.

46
Q

RACE stands for

A

Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Extinguished

47
Q

When do you use PASS?

A

To extinguish small fire by a fire extinguisher.

48
Q

PASS stands for

A

Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep

49
Q

Chain of infection

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission 
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
50
Q

Vectors

A

Insects that transmits diseases such as ticks.

51
Q

Primary defenses

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Gastrointestinal system

52
Q

Secondary defense

A

Inflammatory
Elevated temperature
Component cascade. (Complement)

53
Q

Tertiary defense

A

Lymphocytes.

54
Q

Standard precautions

A

Measures to prevent the spread of infection from bodily fluids.

55
Q

Transmission-based precaution

A

Prevent the spread of known infection in patient or health-care staff.

56
Q

Donning PPE

A

Gown, mask, googles, gloves

57
Q

Removing PPE

A

Gloves, gown, googles, mask

58
Q

Define pulse deficit

A

State where radial pulse is lower than the apical pulse.

59
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored breathing

60
Q

Orthopnea

A

Labored breading while standing

61
Q

Scope of practice

A

The limitations and allowances of what they can do as a nurse.

62
Q

Transcultural nursing

A

Care that crosses or combine elements of more than one culture.

63
Q

Cultural diversity

A

Differences between groups of people in one area.

64
Q

Cultural awareness

A

Knowledge of various cultural beliefs as values.

65
Q

Cultural competence

A

Providing care for the patient based on the cultural belief and values of the patient.

66
Q

Barriers in heath care

A 
Geography 
Economic
Language 
Stereotyping 
prejudice and discrimination 
Education
Misunderstanding
67
Q

O2 normal saturation rate

A

96%-100%

68
Q

MRSA precautious

A

Standard and contact

69
Q

Superbug

A

multi resistant organism.

70
Q

MDRO

A

Penicillin can treat this.

71
Q

MRSA precaution

A

Standard precaution, Contact.

72
Q

What is MRSA

A

Non-intact skin such as when when there are abrasions or incisions.

73
Q

VRE

A

commonly lives in the intestine. It does not cost trouble until it travels to the blood steam or the urinary.

74
Q

Diarrhea Infections

A

Clostridium Difficile C-Diff) causes infection in the lining of the intestinal that causes diarrhea.

75
Q

Measures to prevent Health care-associated infections

A

Hand-washing, using tubes too long

76
Q

Evidence-based hand hygiene guidelines

A

Alcohol-based hand gels for cleaning hands.

77
Q

Example of contact precautions

A

MRSA, C-DIFF, VRE (wear gloves and gowns.

78
Q

Example of droplets precautions

A

covid, flu, measles, whooping cough (wear surgical mask, gloves, gown.

79
Q

Example of airborne precautions

A

Chicken pox, rubeola, TB (Gloves, googles, n-95) Must be in a negative pressure room.

80
Q

Ways to protect yourself from radiation

A

Wear a lead apron during the procedure. Wear film badge.

81
Q

Health occupations students of America (HOSA)

A

A national organization specifically for students in heath care education program.

82
Q

National federation of LPN

A

The professional organization for LPN

83
Q

Purpose of Critical thinking

A

Identify actions to take and information to consider when caring for a patient.

84
Q

Caring for younger patient

A

Have a difficculty understanting what is going on and expressing their feelings during procedure.

85
Q

Post conference connection

A

to help evaluate the clinical ecperience of caring for the patient in the clinical connection.

86
Q

Quality and safety education for nurses

A

Patient-centered.

87
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

Action to relieve chocking.

88
Q

CPR

A

Actions to restart the heart.

89
Q

The joint comission

A

They evaluate and accredited healthcare organizations and programs in the U.S

90
Q

Fall assesment scale

A

A form that gives a numerical rating for each patients risk fall.

91
Q

Code team

A

A group of specially trained personnel designated to respond to codes.

92
Q

Body mechanic

A

movement of the muscle of the body for balance and leverage.

93
Q

Center of gravity

A

middle point of the body.

94
Q

Base support

A

Feet and lower legs

95
Q

The National patient safety goals are established by

A

The joint comission

96
Q

Hypoxemia

A

A decreased blood level of oxygen

97
Q

Stridor

A

A high-pitched crowing respiratory sound.

98
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased lever of cellular oxygen

99
Q

Ausculate

A

denote use of stetoscope

Fundamentals (9 decks)

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