Exam 3 Flashcards
A client reports she went to dinner and a movie last night. She resides in a nursing home.
a. ) confabulation
b. ) illusion
b. ) agnosia
d. ) agraphia
A - confabulation a defense mechanism
A client with dementia is waiting an ER assessment. She is touching all item in the exam room
a. ) hypermetamorphosis
b. ) hypervigilance
c. ) hyperorality
d. ) hypervanity
A - hypermetamorphosis
All s&s of dementia though
The client that has a diagnosis of pneumonia reports seeing rats in the hospital room today
a. ) dementia
b. ) delirium
c. ) Depression
d. ) Dystonia
B - delirium
A client gets confused and irritated each evening and tries to elope form the facility
a. ) preservation
b. ) sundowning
c. ) aphasia
d. ) agnosia
B -sundowning
A client is provided cereal breakfast. She is given a spoon and she appears to brush her hair
a. ) agnosia
b. ) amnesia
c. ) aphasia
d. ) apraxia
A - Agnosia
A client is experiencing a steady decline in mental and physical functioning
a. ) delirium
b. ) dementia
c. ) autism
d. ) ADD
B - Dementia
Addiction
Continued use of substances despite adverse consequences
Use
Ingestion, smoking, sniffing, or injection of mind altering substances
Abuse
Use for purposes of intoxication or beyond intended use
Withdrawlal
Symptoms occurring when substance no longer used
Detoxification
Process for safe withdrawal
Relapse
Recurrence
What neurotransmitter pathway is activated in the brain when abusing substances
Dopamine pathways - reward seeking
What is the most abused drug?
Alcohol
What is the second most abused drug?
Marijuana
Comorbid mental disorders to substance abuse
Psychotic
Anxiety
Mood disorder
Alcohol is a CNS ___. So what drugs would you want to avoid?
Alcohol is a CNS depressant
Avoid other drugs that ca cause sedation
BAL 0.05
Or 1-2 drinks
Impaired judgement, giddiness, mood changes
BAL 0.10
Or 5-6 drinks
Difficultly driving and coordinating movements
BAL 0.20
Or 10-20 drinks
Motor functions severely impaired, resulting in ataxia; emotional lability
BAL 0.30
Or 15-20 drinks
Stupor, disorientation and confusion
BAL 0.40
Or 20-24 drinks
Coma
BAL 0.50
25 drinks
Respiratory failure
Assessment of substance abuse
What your using
How often are you using
How long have you been using
When was the first use
Alcohol can impair what organs?
Liver
Cardiac function
Wernicke encephalopathy
ACUTE
Thaimine deficit
Vision impairment, ataxia, hypotension, confusion
Korsakoff’s amnestic syndrome
CHRONIC
Heart, vascular, nervous system problems
Difficultly acquiring new info and retrieving memories
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Amnesia
Confabulation
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome happens:
Usually within 12 hours after abrupt d/c
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome:
Delirium tremen
Seizures
Elevated temp, pulse, and BP
A pt. is withdrawal from alcohol and starts having seizure activity. How would the nurse stage the withdrawal?
Stage 3 - Severe
Pt is withdrawal from alcohol and has a HR of 115. How would the nurse stage the withdrawal?
Stage 2 - Moderate
Pt is withdrawal from alcohol and has visual and auditory hallucinations. How would the nurse stage the withdrawal?
Stage 2 - Moderate
CAGE assessment
Screening for substance abuse problems
C - ever need to CUT down drinking
A - do you ever feel ANNOYED when people tell you to stop drinking
G - do you ever feel GUILTY about drinking
E - Do you need an EYE opener in the morning (Drink)
What is the first symptoms the nurse would notice on a pt. that is withdrawing form alcohol?
Elevation of heart rate, temp, and BP
Delirium Tremens
Hyperarousal Disoriented Hallucinations Tremors MOST SERIOUS: seizures
CIWA protocol
Clinical institute withdrawal of alcohol
Rating scale for symptoms: N/V, Tremors, Anxiety, Sweats, Agitation
Meds for alcohol withdrawal
Benzos
Antidepressants
Sleep meds
Antipsychotics
Relapse Px meds for alcohol:
Disulfiram
Naltrexone
What is important teaching for a pt. taking Disulfiram?
Do not drink anything with alcohol in it. Will make you very sick. You will vomit.
Ex. mouth wash, hand sanitizer, cough syrups
Naltrexone
Help reduce craving for alcohol and opioids
Do not admin Naltrexone unless pt. is clean for __-__ days
Do not admin Naltrexone unless pt. is clean for 7-10 days
Naltrexone is contraindicated in what kind of pt.?
Pregnant
Use cautiously in: acute hepatitis, liver failure, depression, SI, and breast feeding
Do not admin Disulfiram until the pt. is clean from alcohol for at least __ hour
Do not admin Disulfiram until the pt. is clean from alcohol for at least 12 hour
Alcohol nutrition teaching
Increase protein
Increase thaimine
Increase Folic Acid
Cocaine increases what neurotransmitters?
Increases: Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin
Cocaine rush
lasts 10-20 min followed by intense letdown effect:
Irritability, depression, tiredness, and craving more drug
Cocaine withdrawal with long term use
Long term depletion of norepinephrine > “ crash” and sleeping 12-18 hr.
Amphetamines block reuptake of what neurotransmitters?
Amphetamines block reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
MDMA (Ecstasy) increases what neurotransmitter?
MDMA (Ecstasy) increases serotonin and dopamine
Methamphetamines increases what neurotransmitter?
Methamphetamines increases dopamine
The term “binge and crash” is used for pt. that are addicted to this class of drugs?
Pt. that abuse methamphetamines “binge and crash”
Date rape drug
Rohypnol GHB
Marijuana binds to ___ receptors in the brain and blocks reuptake of ___ neurotransmitter?
Marijuana binds to mu receptors in the brain and blocks reuptake of dopamine neurotransmitter?
Severe reactions of Hallucinogens
Paranoia Fear of losing one's mind Depersonalization illusion Delusions Hallucination
Most abused opioid
Heroin
Naloxone
Emergency Tx of opioid intoxication or overdose
Maintenance therapy for drug withdrawal
Methadone therapy and behavioral therapy and counseling
Inhalants are CNS ___
Inhalants are CNS depressants
Severe risk with inhalant drugs
Severe risk for sudden sniffing death
Long term use of inhalant drugs can cause chronic __ __
Long term use of inhalant drugs can cause chronic neurological syndromes
Steroid can cause what symptoms?
Increases irritability and aggression
Mild withdrawal symptoms
Yawning Rhinorrhea Perspiration Restlessness Lacrimation Sleep disturbance Increased craving Anxiety Dysphoria
Moderate withdrawal Symptoms
Dilated pupils Bone and muscle aches Sensation of "goose flesh" Hot/cold flashes Irritability Increase anxiety and craving
Severe withdrawal symptoms
N/V Stomach cramps Diarrhea Insomnia Weight loss Twitching Increased BP, HR, RR Depression Anxiety Dysphoria
Withdrawal Assessment
Behaviors and substance use Hx Denial of prob Motivation for change Countertransference Codependence (Enabling)
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
Anorexia Nervosa
Two types of Anorexia Nervosa
Restricting
Binging and purging
Onset of Anorexia Nervosa
Early adolescence
Then becomes chronic with relapses
Interoceptive awarenes
Awareness to sensory cues to hunger
F and E complications of purging
Hypokalemia
Hypochloremia
Hypomagnesemia
Increased BUN
Med for Anorexia Nervosa
Fluoxetine (SSRI)
Interventions for Anorexia Nervosa
Journaling Understanding feelings Restructuring distortions Movement and dance therapy Imagery and relaxation Interpersonal therapy Pt. and family education
Criteria for hospitalization for Anorexia Nervosa
Acute weight loss < 85% HR near 40 Temp <36.1 BP < 80/50 Hypokalemia Hypophosphatemia Hypomagnesemia Poor motivation to recover SI Severe depression Failure to comply with Tx
Dichotomous/All-or-Nothing Thinking
“I’ve gained 2 lb, so I’ll be up by 100 lb soon.”
Magnification
“I binged last night, so I can’t go out with anyone.”
Selective Abstraction
“I can only be happy 10 lb lighter.”
Overgeneralization
“I didn’t eat anything yesterday and did okay, so I don’t think not eating for a week or two will harm me.”
Catastrophizing
“I purged last night for the first time in 4 months—I’ll never recover.”
Risk factor survey for Anorexia Nervosa
McKnight Risk Factor Survey
Bulimia Nervosa
Binging and purging in secret
Normal weight
Bulimia Nervosa diagnostic criteria
Episodes occurring at least once a week for at least 3 months
Difference between Bulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervose
Anorexia Nervosa: Severe weight loss and amenorrhea
Bulimia Nervosa - normal weight
Characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa
Impulsivity
Boundary probs
Limit-setting difficulties
Meds for Bulimia Nervosa
SSRIs
Assessment for Bulimia Nervosa
Eating patterns
# of times/day they binge or purge
Sleep patterns
Exercise
Interventions for Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa
Strict I and Os
Supervision of bathroom visits
Sleep management
SSRIs
Binge eating disorder cirteria
Binge eating
distress about binge
Eating until uncomfortably full
Feelings of guilt or depression afterward
True/False: Prevalence of sleep wake disorders increase with age
True
parasomnia disorders
Sleep walking
Night terrors