Chapter 8 - Biologic Foundations

Question 1

Frontal Lobe

Answer 1

Executive functions*
Working memory
Ability to plan
Initiate activities with future goals in mind
Insight 
Judgement
Reasoning
Concept formation
Problem-solving
abstraction
Self-evaluation

Question 2

Broca area located where?

Answer 2

Frontal lobe

Question 3

Damage to the Broca area results in what signs and symptoms

Answer 3

Aphasia

Difficulty with motor movements for speech

Question 4

Parietal Lobe

Answer 4

Ability to recognize objects and organize spatial directions

Question 5

Temporal Lobe

Answer 5

Primary auditory and olfactory areas

Question 6

Where is the Wernicke area located?

Answer 6

Temporal lobe

Question 7

Wernicke area

Answer 7

receptive speech

Question 8

Hippocampus

Answer 8

Memory

Question 9

Occipital lobe

Answer 9

Visual integration of info

Question 10

Basal ganglia

Answer 10

Motor functions

Learning/Programming behavior/activities that are repetitive

Question 11

Limbic System

Answer 11

Basic emotions, needs, drives, and instinct

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

Relay all sensory info to CNS and PNS

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Sleep-rest patterns
Body temp
Hunger
Sex

Question 14

Amygdala

Answer 14

Emotional component to memory

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

Controls movements and postural adjustments

Question 16

Signs that the sympathetic nervous system is working

Answer 16

Eye dilation
Increase HR
Increased heart contractibility
Blood vessel constriction
Increased sweat secretion
Relaxation of GI

Question 17

Signs that the parasympathetic nervous system is working

Answer 17

Eye constriction
Decrease in heart contraction
Blood vessel dilate
Increase GI movement

Question 18

Synaptic cleft

Answer 18

A junction between one nerve and another

Question 19

Neurotransmitters

Answer 19

Small molecules that directly and indirectly control the opening or closing of ion channels

Question 20

Neuromodulators

Answer 20

Chemical messengers that make the target cell membrane less susceptible to the effects of the primary neurotransmitter

Question 21

Actetylcholine

Answer 21

Primary cholinergic NT

Question 22

Dopamine

Answer 22

Excitatory NT

“Feel good” NT

Question 23

Norepinephrine

Answer 23

Excitatory NT
Maintain mood states
“fight-or-flight” response

Question 24

Serotonin

Answer 24

Excitatory NT

Role in appetite, sleep, mood states, pain perception

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

Inhibitory NT

Inhibits the excitability of the neurons and therefore contributes to seizure, agitation, and anxiety control

Question 26

Dysfunction of the limbic system has been linked to what kind of disorders?

Answer 26

Schizophrenia
Depression
Anxiety

Question 27

A client is experiencing depression demonstrates anger and aggression toward close family members. Which system in the brain do these emotions originate from?

Answer 27

Limbic system

Question 28

This neurotransmitter increases heart rate and blood pressure. Dysfunction of this transmitter is involved with which psychiatric illnesses

Answer 28

Anxiety and Depression

Question 29

This neurotransmitter is associated with well-being and happiness. Low levels of this neurotransmitter are associated with depression and insomnia. Name the neurotransmitter.

Answer 29

Serotonin

Question 30

Brain abnormalities on an electroencephalogram (EEG) more likely occur during:

Answer 30

Sleep