Chapter 8 - Biologic Foundations Flashcards
Frontal Lobe
Executive functions* Working memory Ability to plan Initiate activities with future goals in mind Insight Judgement Reasoning Concept formation Problem-solving abstraction Self-evaluation
Broca area located where?
Frontal lobe
Damage to the Broca area results in what signs and symptoms
Aphasia
Difficulty with motor movements for speech
Parietal Lobe
Ability to recognize objects and organize spatial directions
Temporal Lobe
Primary auditory and olfactory areas
Where is the Wernicke area located?
Temporal lobe
Wernicke area
receptive speech
Hippocampus
Memory
Occipital lobe
Visual integration of info
Basal ganglia
Motor functions
Learning/Programming behavior/activities that are repetitive
Limbic System
Basic emotions, needs, drives, and instinct
Thalamus
Relay all sensory info to CNS and PNS
Hypothalamus
Sleep-rest patterns
Body temp
Hunger
Sex
Amygdala
Emotional component to memory
Cerebellum
Controls movements and postural adjustments
Signs that the sympathetic nervous system is working
Eye dilation Increase HR Increased heart contractibility Blood vessel constriction Increased sweat secretion Relaxation of GI
Signs that the parasympathetic nervous system is working
Eye constriction
Decrease in heart contraction
Blood vessel dilate
Increase GI movement
Synaptic cleft
A junction between one nerve and another
Neurotransmitters
Small molecules that directly and indirectly control the opening or closing of ion channels
Neuromodulators
Chemical messengers that make the target cell membrane less susceptible to the effects of the primary neurotransmitter
Actetylcholine
Primary cholinergic NT
Dopamine
Excitatory NT
“Feel good” NT
Norepinephrine
Excitatory NT
Maintain mood states
“fight-or-flight” response
Serotonin
Excitatory NT
Role in appetite, sleep, mood states, pain perception
GABA
Inhibitory NT
Inhibits the excitability of the neurons and therefore contributes to seizure, agitation, and anxiety control
Dysfunction of the limbic system has been linked to what kind of disorders?
Schizophrenia
Depression
Anxiety
A client is experiencing depression demonstrates anger and aggression toward close family members. Which system in the brain do these emotions originate from?
Limbic system
This neurotransmitter increases heart rate and blood pressure. Dysfunction of this transmitter is involved with which psychiatric illnesses
Anxiety and Depression
This neurotransmitter is associated with well-being and happiness. Low levels of this neurotransmitter are associated with depression and insomnia. Name the neurotransmitter.
Serotonin
Brain abnormalities on an electroencephalogram (EEG) more likely occur during:
Sleep
