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UD ANT 150 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does ‘the field’ mean in anthropology?

A

The place where you are going to research

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2
Q

Name 1 practical action you must take before going to the field

A
  • choosing where to go and what to research
  • language and dialect, learn or get interpreter
  • finding local contacts for research
  • paying for research, either by yourself or through funding
  • food/weather/transportation there
  • living conditions and cultural differences there
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3
Q

What does IRB stand for

A

-Institutional review board

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4
Q

What is the IRB?

A

-Permission from a university to conduct research, which is necessary to make the research accredited

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5
Q

What is informed consent?

A

A permission form for researcher and local person or government, usually in the language of the local

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6
Q

What parties are involved with informed consent?

A

researcher, local, local government

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7
Q

Give an example of a manipulative question

A

How has a service helped

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8
Q

Why are manipulative questions ethically bad?

A

They limit the scope of answers, change the meaning of data and trust, and are biased

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9
Q

What is the significance of an image vs a text in presenting your research findings?

A

-

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10
Q

What is the definition of quantitative data?

A

Data that is measured

-mass surveys, financial data, census

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11
Q

What is the definition of qualitative data?

A

Data that is observed

-descriptions, interviews

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12
Q

What are issues of using pictures in presenting research?

A

Can easily be taken out of context

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13
Q

In what country did Dr. Litka do her research?

A

-Mexico

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14
Q

In what city did Dr. Litka do her research?

A

-Coba, on an ejido land

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15
Q

Name 1 area of interest of Dr Litka’s research

A
  • Tourism and how to run i5
  • Mayan Identity
  • language + maya (Mayan, Spanish, then english)
  • Community ties
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16
Q

What is the definition of Globalization?

A

Increased inner connection

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17
Q

What are Subaltern Studies?

A

The history/studies of underrepresented people

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18
Q

What is Acculturation?

A

Individual and personalized globalization, like studying abroad

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19
Q

What is diffusion?

A
  • Spread of ideas, customs, or practices from one culture to another (paper, compass, gunpowder went from china to Europe)
  • Europeans then improved them where needed
  • Corn
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20
Q

What is cultural imperialism?

A

-the imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another, non-dominant community.

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21
Q

What is glocalization?

A
  • practice of conducting business according to both local and global considerations
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22
Q

Give an example of the symbolic crossing of boundaries

A

-Starbucks in a foreign country

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23
Q

To what extent is the idea of authenticity valid or invalid

A

Acknowledging that authentic cultures can change -> valid

Authentic = no change -> invalid

ex. Ren Fair

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24
Q

What is the difference between a tourist and a traveler?

A 
Tourist = temporary traveling outside of daily routine
Traveler = going to a place to be assimilated into routine and culture
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25
Q

What is recreational tourism? Give an example

A

Tourism with the purpose of rest, relaxation, and entertainment

ex. Beaches, Vegas, broadway

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26
Q

What is Heritage tourism? Give an example

A

Going to places to appreciate the past
-ruins, pilgrimages, museums
Should govt or descendants have control?

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27
Q

What is Dark tourism? Give an example

A

Heritage tourism, but where tragic things happened

-holocaust concentration camps, burial sites, Anne Boleyn’s execution spot, slum tourism

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28
Q

Why is dark tourism controversial?

A

Education vs Tourism, visit but also respect, how many people should be there at a time and what ages?

Specifically for slum tourism, is it about awareness and communication or exploitation?

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29
Q

What is cultural tourism? Give an example

A

Tourism involving living people and their cultural environment
-Japanese tea and traditional dress, cultural festivals

30
Q

What is ecological/wildlife tourism? Give an example

A

Tourism involving nature and animals

-animals, hiking, scuba diving, environmental awareness/conservation

31
Q

What are stakeholders?

A

People benefiting from a project

32
Q

Give an example of 2-3 kinds of stakeholders

A
  • Locals depending on business
  • investors
  • those using the service(tourists)
33
Q

Describe the history of Cancun, Mexico in relation to tourism

A
  • Until the 60’s or 70’s Cancun was just a fishing village
  • Mexican Gov’t chose Cancun + 3 other places to develop for tourism - chosen for location and beaches
  • Lots of pressure on stakeholders
  • outside of the tourist part of Cancun, there is a lot of inequality
34
Q

Describe tourism with exotic animals

A

There is a debate to whether or not seeing and exploiting exotic animals is abusive

Do not hold them, it’s unnatural and often the animals have to be sedated

35
Q

Describe sheltered tourism. Does the relate more to a tourist or a traveler?

A

Relates more to tourists

Sheltered tourism is travelling without acknowledgement of local struggles and inequality

36
Q

Give an example of ‘playing into stereotypes’

A

-wearing traditional cultural dress, even when modern clothes have changed

37
Q

Describe the tactics Disney uses to create fantasy and make a profit from tourists

A

-Smell-o-vision to make places and food more appetizing

38
Q

What’s the definition of symbolism?

A

The use of symbols to represents ideas, qualities, or cultures

symbolism carries across all aspects of culture, including food

39
Q

Describe the importance of corn among the Maya (1)

A
  • Food and Mythology, past is connected with the present
  • nutritious
  • identity, corn tortillas and not bread
  • hospitality, always have FRESH corn tortillas for guests
40
Q

Describe the Passover Seder

A

Passover is a Jewish holiday to celebrate ancient Jewish freedom from slavery

41
Q

What is the important, symbolic food eaten at Passover? Describe its significance

A

Matzah - unleavened bread

The escaping slaved didn’t have time for bread to rise so they had to eat unleavened bread

42
Q

Describe the importance of dietary restrictions

A

Religious (Kosher, Halal)

Ecological (Vegetarian/Vegan)

Medical (intolerance, allergies, deficiencies)

43
Q

Compare and Contrast meals meal time and size in the US and Europe

A

US

  • shorter lunch, longer dinner
  • dinner is earlier

Europe

  • longer lunch, shorter dinner
  • dinner is really late
44
Q

Describe the Dog Meat Festival and its ethical significance

A

Yulin Dog Festival

  • tortured dogs taste better
  • domestic dogs are sometimes kidnapped

Eating dog itself it okay though

45
Q

Describe the issue with ‘thin is in’

A
  • especially harmful to women, but also harmful to men
  • body shaming for those who are fat
  • puts looks over health
  • includes weight loss incentives and updates, counting calories
  • models and celebrities are usually thinner
46
Q

Where did the video ‘Fat or Fiction’ take place?

A

Mauritania, in North-West Africa

47
Q

What is gavage?

A

Gavage is the force-feeding of girls so they will become fat

48
Q

Why is gavage important to their culture? Why is it dangerous to their culture?

A
  • Being fat represents being wealthy
  • being fat makes you desirable

-gavage brings many health problems down the road, like heart problems and blood pressure

49
Q

What is naturalistic health/sickness? How do you treat it?

A
  • health/sickness based on impersonal causes
  • includes bacteria and viruses, genetics
  • can affect anyone
  • treat with medicine
50
Q

What is personalistic health/sickness? How do you treat it?

A
  • Health/sickness based on relationships with others
  • includes jealousy, karma, mal de ojo
  • can affect anyone
  • treat the patient, not the condition
51
Q

Describe pasung and mental illness in Indonesia

A
  • Pasung is the use of physical restraint for people with mental health
  • A lot of use for schizophrenic patients
52
Q

What is medical pluralism?

A

A combination of different medical treatments (western + non-western)

53
Q

Give an example of medical pluralism

A

-getting prescription medicine for a problem but also using crystals to heal

54
Q

Describe the limitations of scientific healing

A
  • addictive pills, can lose effectiveness
  • placebo effect
  • impersonal and expensive
  • other remedies aren’t certified, legal, or fully accepted in a society
55
Q

What are the Maya ‘Alux’?

A

A mischievous guardian of the corn. If you’re good to the corn, they’ll be good to you

56
Q

How do Peruvians use Coca leaves to adapt to their environments?

A

Coca chewing - Hallpay
(also used in teas and toothpaste)

Helps curb stomachaches, hunger pains, altitude sickness

57
Q

What is the controversy of coca leaves? Why are they banned in the US?

A

Although they are used for medicinal purposes, they are widely used to make cocaine

58
Q

How is Peru embracing coca leaves today?

A

The current government is making it easier for locals to grow coca, both for themselves and for profit

59
Q

Where are orangutans from?

A
  • Asia

- Indonesia and Malaysia

60
Q

Name 2 unique characteristics of Orangutans

A
  • Mother and Child relations, 2nd longest only to humans (8 years)
  • Only Asian great ape
  • They help ‘clean’ the forest and spread seeds
61
Q

What is the main threat of the orangutans?

A
  • deforestation
  • forest cut down to plant palm oil trees
  • palm oil trees can’t sustain animal life
  • palm oil is a cheap ingredient in many beauty and food products
62
Q

Describe the rehabilitation process for orangutans and some of the survival skills they need to graduate

A

Quarantine, nursery/baby school, learn skills, practice island with other rehabilitated orangutans, released into the wild

Skills of rehabilitation(1)

  • Tree climbing
  • socialization
  • nest building
  • coconut cracking
  • avoiding other predators

Challenges of Rehabilitation (1)

  • emotional trauma/physical injuries
  • spreading of diseases
  • overcrowding in centers
  • lack of funds or available forest area
  • some die on protected islands
63
Q

What is Applied Anthropology

A

Using anthropological perspectives, theory, methods, and data to identify, assess, and solve problems

64
Q

What is over-innovation? Why is it ethically bad?

A
  • Over-innovation is trying to change a culture when you are meant to study it.
  • It invalidated cultural identities and practices
  • Ex 1. The San
  • Ex 2. Mauritania - should you interfere with gavage? is it wrong?
65
Q

What is under-differentiation? Why is it ethically bad? Give an example

A
  • Under-differentiation is assuming that many smaller groups easily fit into one big group
  • It dismisses many cultural identities
  • The Maya were never a unified empire, but actually many smaller groups
66
Q

Describe the difference in Socratic and Didactic approaches to teaching and learning.

A
  • Socratic is learning for understanding, for example being able to discuss ideas. Opinionated
  • Didactic is learning to memorize something. Like learning for an exam and then forgetting. Not opinionated/
67
Q

What country uses Socratic styles of teaching and learning?

A

United States

68
Q

What country uses Didactic styles of teaching and learning?

A

China

69
Q

Describe some differences of business etiquette in the US vs in Dubai

A
  • US is relatively gender neutral in business
  • US you get the deal and then get to know someone
  • interactions are relatively short
  • Dubai is male dominated, and females must ask permission or wait for the male’s lead
  • In Dubai, you want to get personal with the person before you agree to business with them
  • Meetings are generally longer, usually involving a meal
  • People will be distracted by their phones
70
Q

Give an example of how McDonalds advertising failed in Brazil

A
  • Advertised for the beach, when you wouldn’t want greasy food there
  • Advertised for a quick lunch, when lunch there is generally a longer, sit down meal
71
Q

What can you do to help Orangutans?

A
  • Spread awareness about animal status?
  • donate to charities that help the orangutans
  • “adopt” an orangutan
  • use less palm oil/use sustainable palm oil in products
72
Q

What are the condes? What is their connection to Maya culture?

A
  • condes are an underwater river system in south america. -They are methodologically significant and allowed for survival
  • now they are very touristy, but can be dangerous

UD ANT 150 (3 decks)

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