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Exam Review > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Visceral and Somatic nociceptive afferents often synapse onto the same second order neurons. (true/false)

A

True

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2
Q

Third order neurons have receptive fields. (true/false)

A

True

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3
Q

Somatic information without reference to modality is useless to the cerebral cortex. (true/false)

A

False

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4
Q

Stopping a constant backward motion causes the same effect in the utricle as starting a forward motion. (true/false)

A

True

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5
Q

Tilting your head to the right causes the stereocilia of all the hair cells in the utricle to deflect away form the kinocilium. (true/false)

A

False

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6
Q

Which type of neurons are longer in the sympathetic system?

A

Post-ganglionic neurons

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7
Q

Photoreceptors that synapse onto on-center bipolar cells release more glutamate when?

A

In the dark

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8
Q

In the dark, off-center ganglion cells fire more or fewer action potentials?

A

More

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9
Q

Endolymph is high in Sodium or Potassium?

A

Potassium

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10
Q

Lower frequency sounds cause the basilar membrane to vibrate near the…

A

Helicotrema

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11
Q

Opening a potassium channel in a hair cell causes it to…

A

Depolarize

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12
Q

Warm thermoreceptors are thought to depolarize in response to what change in membrane fluidity?

A

Increases

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13
Q

Which cells are the innermost in the retina?

A

Ganglion cells

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14
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Detection of the position and movement of our body

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15
Q

Different colors of light are perceived based on…

A

Light wavelength

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16
Q

What happens to the ciliary muscles and the lens for near vision?

A

Ciliary muscles contract

Lens gets fatter

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17
Q

How is the intensity of stimulus coded by sensory afferents?

A

By frequency of action potentials

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18
Q

Where does somatic sensation originate?

A

Skin
Skeletal Muscle
Joints
Bones

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19
Q

What receptor is on the on-center ganglion cells?

A

AMPA

20
Q

What receptor is on off-center bipolar cells?

A

AMPA

21
Q

What happens if a membrane is near resting membrane potential when a NMDA channel opens?

A

Magnesium blocks the channel

22
Q

What are the most common receptors for bitter on taste cells?

A

Gq protein-coupled receptors

23
Q

What nerve innervates the taste cells on the bottom of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

24
Q

What is the receptor on the on-bipolar cells?

A

mGluR6

25
Q

What do free nerve endings detect?

A

Temperature and pain

26
Q

Hemisection to which side of the T8 spinal cord would result in loss of pain sensation from the left side and touch from the right leg?

A

Right-sided hemisection

27
Q

Which way does the stereocilia of the hair cells deflect in the utricle during leftward acceleration?

A

To the right

28
Q

The information from which sense does not have to go through the thalamus to be consciously perceived?

A

Olfaction

29
Q

What do odorants bind to?

A

G-Protein Coupled Receptors

30
Q

What binds to the ion channel in olfactory neurons to cause it to open and depolarize the cell?

A

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

31
Q

What nucleus in the thalamus perceives auditory information?

A

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

32
Q

What nucleus in the thalamus perceives vision information?

A

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

33
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the lacrimal glands?

A

Facial Nerve (VII)

34
Q

Approximately how many types of receptors are in olfaction?

A

~1,000 receptors

35
Q

Calcium binding proteins decrease the amount of calcium that can be stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (true/false)

A

False

36
Q

In response to a single action potential in a skeletal muscle cell, enough calcium enters the sarcoplasm to saturate troponin. (true/false)

A

True

37
Q

Angling the stereocilia of a hair cell toward the kinocilium causes the cell to…

A

Depolarize

38
Q

When stopping from a constant backward speed, the stereocilia of the hair cells in the utricle are deflected…

A

Backward

39
Q

When light passes from a fast medium into a slow medium, it will be bent toward a light perpendicular or parallel to the interface?

A

Perpendicular to the interface

40
Q

What receptors can ethanol activate?

A

Warm receptors

41
Q

Which window does the Scala Tympani attach to?

A

Round Window

42
Q

The fluid in T-tubules is high in…

A

Sodium

43
Q

Which ossicle is the Tensor Tympani connected to?

A

Malleus

44
Q

What is called “photopigment”?

A

Rhodopsin

45
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal Lobe

Exam Review (6 decks)

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